SEC Filing | Triumph Financial, Inc.

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tbk-20210930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________________________________


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number 001-36722

___________________________________________________________

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________________________________


Texas						20-0477066
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

12700 Park Central Drive, Suite 1700

Dallas, Texas 75251

(Address of principal executive offices)

(214) 365-6900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

___________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock — $0.01 par value, 25,123,978 shares, as of October 18, 2021.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

TBK

NASDAQ Global Select Market

Depositary Shares Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 7.125% Series C Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share

TBKCP

NASDAQ Global Select Market

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC.

FORM 10-Q

September 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Consolidated Statements of Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	98

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	99

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	100

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	100

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	100

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	100

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	100

Item 5.	Other Information	100

Item 6.	Exhibits	100

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	66,672	$	85,525
Interest bearing deposits with other banks	466,092		228,868
Total cash and cash equivalents	532,764		314,393
Securities - equity investments	5,623		5,826
Securities - available for sale	164,816		224,310
Securities - held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,737 and $2,026, respectively, fair value of $5,534 and $5,850, respectively	5,488		5,919
Loans held for sale	26,437		24,546
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $41,017 and $95,739, respectively	4,741,713		4,901,037
Federal Home Loan Bank and other restricted stock, at cost	4,901		6,751
Premises and equipment, net	104,311		103,404
Other real estate owned, net	893		1,432
Goodwill	233,727		163,209
Intangible assets, net	46,328		26,713
Bank-owned life insurance	41,540		41,608
Deferred tax asset, net	—		6,427
Indemnification asset	4,786		36,225
Other assets	111,208		73,991
Total assets	$	6,024,535	$	5,935,791
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest bearing	$	2,020,984	$	1,352,785
Interest bearing	2,801,591		3,363,815
Total deposits	4,822,575		4,716,600
Customer repurchase agreements	11,990		3,099
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	30,000		105,000
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	97,554		191,860
Subordinated notes	106,755		87,509
Junior subordinated debentures	40,467		40,072
Deferred tax liability, net	982		—
Other liabilities	93,538		64,870
Total liabilities	5,203,861		5,209,010
Commitments and contingencies - See Note 9 and Note 10
Stockholders' equity - See Note 13
Preferred stock	45,000		45,000
Common stock, 25,123,342 and 24,868,218 shares outstanding, respectively	282		280
Additional paid-in-capital	499,282		489,151
Treasury stock, at cost	(104,600)		(103,052)
Retained earnings	373,512		289,583
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	7,198		5,819
Total stockholders’ equity	820,674		726,781
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,024,535	$	5,935,791

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	44,882	$	48,774	$	139,576	$	147,491
Factored receivables, including fees	50,516		31,468		135,639		76,861
Securities	1,126		1,927		3,963		6,710
FHLB and other restricted stock	28		122		131		474
Cash deposits	183		73		467		640
Total interest income	96,735		82,364		279,776		232,176
Interest expense:
Deposits	1,948		5,834		7,790		23,095
Subordinated notes	2,449		1,348		5,148		4,016
Junior subordinated debentures	443		462		1,331		1,662
Other borrowings	124		341		434		2,273
Total interest expense	4,964		7,985		14,703		31,046
Net interest income	91,771		74,379		265,073		201,130
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(1,187)		(258)		(10,838)		33,649
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit)	92,958		74,637		275,911		167,481
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposits	2,030		1,470		5,674		3,631
Card income	2,144		2,091		6,341		5,832
Net OREO gains (losses) and valuation adjustments	(9)		(41)		(376)		(399)
Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities	4		3,109		5		3,210
Fee income	5,198		1,402		11,917		4,392
Insurance commissions	1,231		990		3,989		2,905
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—		—		—		9,758
Other	1,457		1,472		12,692		8,670
Total noninterest income	12,055		10,493		40,242		37,999
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	43,769		31,651		121,407		93,177
Occupancy, furniture and equipment	6,388		5,574		18,279		15,720
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments	353		360		1,830		1,170
Professional fees	2,362		3,265		9,959		7,023
Amortization of intangible assets	3,274		2,141		7,677		6,265
Advertising and promotion	1,403		1,105		3,534		3,548
Communications and technology	7,090		5,569		19,018		16,514
Other	8,174		5,632		22,799		19,359
Total noninterest expense	72,813		55,297		204,503		162,776
Net income before income tax expense	32,200		29,833		111,650		42,704
Income tax expense	7,771		6,929		25,316		10,810
Net income	$	24,429	$	22,904	$	86,334	$	31,894
Dividends on preferred stock	(802)		(899)		(2,405)		(899)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	23,627	$	22,005	$	83,929	$	30,995
Earnings per common share
Basic	$	0.95	$	0.89	$	3.40	$	1.28
Diluted	$	0.94	$	0.89	$	3.33	$	1.27

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	24,429	$	22,904	$	86,334	$	31,894
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	(378)		2,443		(1,303)		8,589
Tax effect	89		(637)		300		(2,144)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of taxes	(289)		1,806		(1,003)		6,445
Reclassification of amount realized through sale or call of securities	(4)		(3,109)		(5)		(3,210)
Tax effect	1		761		1		805
Reclassification of amount realized through sale or call of securities, net of taxes	(3)		(2,348)		(4)		(2,405)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax	(292)		(542)		(1,007)		4,040

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	(9)		357		3,062		32
Tax effect	2		(88)		(729)		(9)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of taxes	(7)		269		2,333		23
Reclassification of amount of gains (losses) recognized into income	18		(16)		70		(16)
Tax effect	(4)		4		(17)		4
Reclassification of amount of gains (losses) recognized into income, net of taxes	14		(12)		53		(12)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	7		257		2,386		11

Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(285)		(285)		1,379		4,051
Comprehensive income	$	24,144	$	22,619	$	87,713	$	35,945

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in- Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Liquidation Preference Amount		Shares Outstanding	Par Amount				Shares Outstanding	Cost				Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2021	$	45,000	24,868,218	$	280	$	489,151	3,083,503	$	(103,052)	$	289,583	$	5,819	$	726,781
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		4,613	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Stock option exercises, net	—		10,205	—		191		—	—		—		—		191
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		1,350		—	—		—		—		1,350
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(107)	—		7		107	(7)		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—	—		(801)		—		(801)
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		33,923		—		33,923
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		2,560		2,560
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	45,000	24,882,929	$	280	$	490,699	3,083,610	$	(103,059)	$	322,705	$	8,379	764,004
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		224,287	2		(2)		—	—		—		—		—
Stock option exercises, net	—		18,934	—		(45)		—	—		—		—		(45)
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		3,386		—	—		—		—		3,386
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(2,278)	—		186		2,278	(186)		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock	—		(14,169)	—		—		14,169	(1,241)		—		—		(1,241)
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—	—		(802)		—		(802)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—	—		27,982		—		27,982
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		(896)		(896)
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	45,000	25,109,703	$	282	$	494,224	3,100,057	$	(104,486)	$	349,885	$	7,483	792,388
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		3,651	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Stock option exercises, net	—		2,409	—		50		—	—		—		—		50
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		4,445		—	—		—		—		4,445
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(1,522)	—		114		1,522	(114)		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock pursuant to the employee stock purchase plan	—		9,101	—		449		—	—		—		—		449
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—	—		(802)		—		(802)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—	—		24,429		—		24,429
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		(285)		(285)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	45,000	25,123,342	$	282	$	499,282	3,101,579	$	(104,600)	$	373,512	$	7,198	$	820,674

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in- Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Liquidation Preference Amount		Shares Outstanding	Par Amount				Shares Outstanding	Cost
Balance, January 1, 2020	$	—	24,964,961	$	271	$	473,251	2,198,681	$	(67,068)	$	229,030	$	1,106	$	636,590
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13	—		—	—		—		—	—		(1,771)		—		(1,771)
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		8,079	1		(1)		—	—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		1,168		—	—		—		—		1,168
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(601)	—		23		601	(23)		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock	—		(871,319)	—		—		871,319	(35,586)		—		—		(35,586)
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		(4,450)		—		(4,450)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		(6,604)		(6,604)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	—	24,101,120	$	272	$	474,441	3,070,601	$	(102,677)	$	222,809	$	(5,498)	$	589,347
Issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	45,000		—	—		(2,636)		—	—		—		—		42,364
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		110,035	1		(1)		—	—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		966		—	—		—		—		966
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(1,033)	—		25		1,033	(25)		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock	—		(7,436)	—		—		7,436	(186)		—		—		(186)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—	—		13,440		—		13,440
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		10,940		10,940
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	45,000	24,202,686	$	273	$	472,795	3,079,070	$	(102,888)	$	236,249	$	5,442	$	656,871
Issuance of common stock	—		630,268	7		13,935		—	—		—		—		13,942
Issuance of restricted stock awards	—		20,303	(1)		1		—	—		—		—		—
Stock option exercises, net	—		344	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		1,309		—	—		—		—		1,309
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	—		(2,000)	—		54		2,000	(54)		—		—		—
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—	—		(899)		—		(899)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—	—		22,904		—		22,904
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—	—		—		(285)		(285)
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	45,000	24,851,601	$	279	$	488,094	3,081,070	$	(102,942)	$	258,254	$	5,157	$	693,842

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	86,334	$	31,894
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	8,992		7,378
Net accretion on loans	(7,615)		(8,377)
Amortization of subordinated notes issuance costs	1,022		128
Amortization of junior subordinated debentures	395		378
Net amortization on securities	(465)		(104)
Amortization of intangible assets	7,677		6,265
Deferred taxes	5,432		(3,320)
Credit Loss Expense (benefit)	(10,838)		33,649
Stock based compensation	9,181		3,443
Net (gains) losses on sale or call of debt securities	(5)		(3,210)
Net (gains) losses on equity securities	203		(603)
Net OREO (gains) losses and valuation adjustments	376		399
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—		(9,758)
Origination of loans held for sale	(32,645)		(45,220)
Purchases of loans held for sale	(19,001)		(33,811)
Proceeds from sale of loans originated or purchased for sale	50,931		71,782
Net (gains) losses on sale of loans	(1,289)		(2,323)
Net (gains) losses on transfer of loans to loans held for sale	(1,676)		466
Net change in operating leases	468		92
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(19,275)		(4,206)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	11,071		15,387
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	89,273		60,329
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities available for sale	(18,250)		(128,970)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	—		65,184
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and pay downs of securities available for sale	76,864		78,276
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and pay downs of securities held to maturity	762		581
Purchases of loans held for investment	(77,571)		(277,333)
Proceeds from sale of loans	63,028		145,513
Net change in loans	227,650		(524,820)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(9,899)		(16,283)
Net proceeds from sale of OREO	807		1,918
(Purchases) redemptions of FHLB and other restricted stock, net	1,850		1,396
Net cash (paid for) received in acquisitions	(96,926)		(108,375)
Proceeds from sale of subsidiary or division, net	—		93,835
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	168,315		(669,078)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	105,975		452,582
Increase (decrease) in customer repurchase agreements	8,891		12,159
Increase (decrease) in Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(75,000)		5,000
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility borrowings	226,630		231,370
Repayment of Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility borrowings	(320,936)		(7,657)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes, net	68,224		—
Repayment of subordinated notes	(50,000)		—
Issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	—		42,364
Preferred dividends	(2,405)		(899)
Stock option exercises	196		—
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan common stock issuance	449		—
Purchase of treasury stock	(1,241)		(35,772)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(39,217)		699,147
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	218,371		90,398
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	314,393		197,880
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	532,764		288,278

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	15,551	$	33,868
Income taxes paid, net	$	36,353	$	4,572
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	3,440	$	3,183
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Loans transferred to OREO	$	644	$	1,012
Loans held for investment transferred to loans held for sale	$	76,976	$	172,565
Assets transferred to assets held for sale	$	—	$	84,077
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	19,404	$	1,777
Securities available for sale purchased, not settled	$	—	$	—
Indemnification recognized	$	35,633	$	—

Table of Contents

TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Triumph Bancorp, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Triumph”, or the “Company” as applicable) is a financial holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Triumph CRA Holdings, LLC (“TCRA”), TBK Bank, SSB (“TBK Bank”), TBK Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary Advance Business Capital LLC, which currently operates under the d/b/a of Triumph Business Capital (“TBC”), TBK Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary Triumph Insurance Group, Inc. (“TIG”). TriumphPay operates as a division of TBK Bank, SSB.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with guidance provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the condensed financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation. Transactions between the subsidiaries have been eliminated. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Operating Segments

The Company’s reportable segments are comprised of strategic business units primarily based upon industry categories and, to a lesser extent, the core competencies relating to product origination, distribution methods, operations and servicing. Segment determination also considered organizational structure and is consistent with the presentation of financial information to the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance, develop strategy, and allocate resources. The Company's chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer of Triumph Bancorp, Inc. Management has determined that the Company has four reportable segments consisting of Banking, Factoring, Payments, and Corporate.

The Banking segment includes the operations of TBK Bank. The Banking segment derives its revenue principally from investments in interest-earning assets as well as noninterest income typical for the banking industry.

The Factoring segment includes the operations of TBC with revenue derived from factoring services.

The Payments segment includes the operations of the TBK Bank's TriumphPay division, which is the payments network for trucking; creating frictionless presentment, audit, and payment of invoices. The Payments segment derives its revenue from transaction fees and interest income on factored receivables related to invoice payments. These factored receivables consist of both invoices where we offer a carrier a QuickPay opportunity to receive payment at a discount in advance of the standard payment term for such invoice in exchange for the assignment of such invoice to us and from offering freight brokers the ability to settle their invoices with us on an extended term following our payment to their carriers as an additional liquidity option for such freight brokers.

The corporate segment includes holding company financing and investment activities and management and administrative expenses to support the overall operations of the Company.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Prior to June 30, 2021, management determined that the Company had three reportable segments consisting of Banking, Factoring, and Corporate, and the Banking segment included the operations of TBK Bank and TriumphPay. On June 1, 2021, TriumphPay acquired HubTran, Inc., a cloud-based provider of automation software for the trucking industry’s back office (see Note 2 – Business Combinations and Divestitures for further disclosures regarding the acquisition of HubTran). The acquisition of HubTran allows TriumphPay to create a fully integrated payments network for trucking; servicing brokers and factors. TriumphPay already offered tools and services to increase automation, mitigate fraud, create back-office efficiency and improve the payment experience. Through the acquisition of HubTran, TriumphPay created additional value through the enhancement of its presentment, audit, and payment capabilities for shippers, third party logistics companies (i.e., freight brokers) and their carriers, and factors. The acquisition of HubTran was a meaningful inflection point in the operations of TriumphPay as the TriumphPay strategy has shifted from a capital-intensive on-balance sheet product with a focus on interest income to a payments network for the trucking industry with a focus on fee revenue. In terms of total revenue, operating income (loss), and total assets, TriumphPay is currently, and has historically been, quantitatively immaterial; however, given the shift in strategy brought on by the acquisition of HubTran as well as significant management and chief operating decision maker focus on TriumphPay operations, management believes disclosing TriumphPay's operations through the Payments segment is qualitatively useful for readers of these financial statements. This change also brings the Company's reportable segments in line with its reporting units used for goodwill impairment evaluation. Prior to the acquisition of HubTran, the Payments reporting unit carried no goodwill. Prior period business segment disclosures have been revised as appropriate to reflect the current period change in reportable segments.

Risks and Uncertainties

Significant progress has been made to combat the outbreak of COVID-19; however, the global pandemic has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company's customers operate and could still impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. While it appears that the epidemiological and macroeconomic conditions are trending in a positive direction as of September 30, 2021, if there is a resurgence in the virus, the Company could experience further adverse effects on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-19, and any potential resulting measures to curtail its spread, will have on the Company's future operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.

Financial position and results of operations

The Company’s interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company continues to work with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees continue to accrue to income through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, the related loans would be placed on nonaccrual status and interest income and fees accrued would be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. As of September 30, 2021 the Company carries $121,000 of accrued interest income and fees on outstanding deferrals made to COVID-19 affected borrowers. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact on future deferrals to COVID-19 affected borrowers, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

The Company's reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit loss expense. The Company relies on cash on hand as well as dividends from its subsidiary bank to service its debt. If the Company's capital deteriorates such that its subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company for an extended period of time, the Company may not be able to service its debt. The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets have remained open to the Company, but rates for short-term funding can be volatile. If funding costs are elevated for an extended period of time, it could have an adverse effect on the Company's net interest margin. If an extended recession caused large numbers of the Company's deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Intangible asset valuation

The lingering effects COVID-19 could cause a decline in the Company’s stock price or the occurrence of what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform a goodwill impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

It is possible that the lingering effects of COVID-19 could cause the occurrence of what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform an intangible asset impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its intangible assets are impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital.

Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), the Company is executing a payment deferral program for its commercial lending clients that are adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the client, the Company is deferring either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment for a stated period of time. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s balance sheet reflected 3 of these deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $32,220,000. In accordance with the CARES Act and March 2020 interagency guidance, these deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings. It is possible that these deferrals could be extended further under the CARES Act; however, the volume of these future potential extensions is unknown. It is also possible that in spite of the Company's best efforts to assist its borrowers and achieve full collection of the Company's investment, these deferred loans could result in future charge-offs with additional credit loss expense charged to earnings; however, the amount of any future charge-offs on deferred loans is unknown. At September 30, 2021, 94% of the $32,220,000 COVID deferral balance was made up of one relationship.

With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company has participated in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans have two-year and five-year terms and earn interest at a 1% coupon. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of September 30, 2021, the Company carried 815 PPP loans representing a book value of $87,413,000. The Company recognized $1,584,000 and $4,524,000 in fees from the SBA on PPP loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and carried $3,580,000 of deferred fees on PPP loans at September 30, 2021. The remaining fees will be amortized and recognized over the remaining lives of the loans. It is the Company’s understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish an allowance for credit loss through additional credit loss expense charged to earnings.

Credit

The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. The Company is prepared to offer assistance in accordance with regulator guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Company is engaging in communication with borrowers to understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing the Company to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should the economy experience a prolonged period of poor economic conditions or should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience increases in its required allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and record additional credit loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

NOTE 2 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND DIVESTITURES

HubTran Inc.

On June 1, 2021, the Company, through TriumphPay, a division of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary TBK Bank, SSB, acquired HubTran, Inc. ("HubTran"), a cloud-based provider of automation software for the trucking industry's back-office.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

A summary of the estimated fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, consideration transferred, and the resulting goodwill is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Initial Values		Measurement Period Adjustments		Adjusted Values
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	170	$	—	$	170
Intangible assets - capitalized software	16,932		—		16,932
Intangible assets - customer relationship	10,360		—		10,360
Other assets	1,546		24		1,570
	29,008		24		29,032
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred income taxes	4,703		(3,230)		1,473
Other liabilities	906		16		922
	5,609		(3,214)		2,395
Fair value of net assets acquired	$	23,399	$	3,238	$	26,637
Consideration:
Cash paid	$	97,096	$	—	$	97,096
Goodwill	$	73,697	$	(3,238)	$	70,459

The Company has recognized goodwill of $70,459,000, which included measurement period adjustments related to customary settlement adjustments and the finalization of the HubTran stub period tax return and its impact on the acquired deferred tax liability. Goodwill was calculated as the excess of the fair value of consideration exchanged as compared to the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired and was allocated to the Company’s Payments segment. The goodwill in this acquisition resulted from expected synergies and progress in the development of a fully integrated open loop payments network for the transportation industry. The goodwill will not be deducted for tax purposes. The initial accounting for the acquisition has not been completed because the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have not yet been finalized.

The intangible assets recognized include a capitalized software intangible asset with an acquisition date fair value of $16,932,000 which will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its four year estimated useful life and a customer relationship intangible asset with an acquisition date fair value of $10,360,000 which will be amortized utilizing an accelerated method over its eleven year estimated useful life.

Revenue and earnings of HubTran since the acquisition date have not been disclosed as the acquired company was merged into the Company and separate financial information is not readily available.

Expenses related to the acquisition, including professional fees and other transaction costs, totaling $2,992,000 were recorded in noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Transportation Financial Solutions

On July 8, 2020, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Advance Business Capital LLC (“ABC”), acquired the transportation factoring assets (the “TFS Acquisition”) of Transport Financial Solutions (“TFS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Covenant Logistics Group, Inc. ("CVLG"), in exchange for cash consideration of $108,375,000, 630,268 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at approximately $13,942,000, and contingent consideration of up to approximately $9,900,000 to be paid in cash following the twelve-month period ending July 31, 2021.

Subsequent to the closing of the TFS Acquisition, the Company identified that approximately $62,200,000 of the assets acquired at closing were advances against future payments to be made to three large clients (and their affiliated entities) of TFS pursuant to long-term contractual arrangements between the obligor on such contracts and such clients (and their affiliated entities) for services that had not yet been performed.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

On September 23, 2020, the Company and ABC entered into an Account Management Agreement, Amendment to Purchase Agreement and Mutual Release (the “Agreement”) with CVLG and Covenant Transport Solutions, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CVLG (“CTS” and, together with CVLG, "Covenant"). Pursuant to the Agreement, the parties agreed to certain amendments to that certain Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “ARPA”), dated as of July 8, 2020, by and among ABC, as buyer, CTS, as seller, and the Company, as buyer indirect parent. Such amendments include:

•Return of the portion of the purchase price paid under the ARPA consisting of 630,268 shares of Company common stock, which will be accomplished through the sale of such shares by Covenant pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and the surrender of the cash proceeds of such sale (net of brokerage or underwriting fees and commissions) to the Company;

•Elimination of the earn-out consideration potentially payable to CTS under the ARPA; and

•Modification of the indemnity provisions under the ARPA to eliminate the existing indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties and to replace such with a newly established indemnification by Covenant in the event ABC incurs losses related to the $62,200,000 in over-formula advances made to specified clients identified in the Agreement (the “Over-Formula Advance Portfolio”). Under the terms of the new indemnification arrangement, Covenant will be responsible for and will indemnify ABC for 100% of the first $30,000,000 of any losses incurred by ABC related to the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio, and for 50% of the next $30,000,000 of any losses incurred by ABC, for total indemnification by Covenant of $45,000,000.

Pursuant to the Agreement, Triumph and Covenant have agreed to certain terms related to the management of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio, and the terms by which Covenant may provide assistance to maximize recovery on the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio.

The measurement period for this transaction remained open at the time the Agreement was executed, and the Company determined that there is a clear and direct link between the Agreement and the ARPA. Therefore, the terms of the Agreement were incorporated into the Company's purchase accounting which resulted in the elimination of the contingent consideration component of the ARPA, the recognition of cash due from Covenant as part of the consideration for the transaction, and an indemnification asset to reflect the modification of Covenant's indemnification obligations.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

A summary of the estimated fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, consideration transferred, and the resulting goodwill is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Initial Values Recorded at Acquisition Date	Measurement Period Adjustments		Adjusted Values
Assets acquired:
Factored receivables	$107,524	$—		$107,524
Allowance for credit losses	(37,415)	—		(37,415)
Factored receivables, net of ACL	70,109	—		70,109
Intangible assets	3,500	—		3,500
Indemnification asset	30,959	—		30,959
Deferred income taxes	1,448	(59)		1,389
	106,016	(59)		105,957
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits	5,361	—		5,361
	5,361	—		5,361
Fair value of net assets acquired	$100,655	$	(59)	$100,596
Consideration:
Cash paid	$108,375	—		$108,375
Stock consideration	13,942	—		13,942
Cash due from seller subsequent to liquidation of stock consideration	(17,196)	—		(17,196)
Total consideration	$105,121	$—		$105,121
Goodwill	$4,466	$59		$4,525

The Company recognized goodwill of $4,525,000, which included measurement period adjustments related to the finalization of the tax basis of Covenant’s customer intangibles and its impact on the deferred tax liability associated with these intangibles. Goodwill was calculated as the excess of the fair value of consideration exchanged as compared to the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired and was allocated to the Company’s Factoring segment. The goodwill in this acquisition resulted from expected synergies and expansion in the factoring market. The goodwill will not be deducted for tax purposes.

Consideration included cash due from Covenant subsequent to liquidation of the stock consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $17,196,000. The fair value of cash due from Covenant was based on the Company's stock price on the date of the Agreement, less an estimate of broker commissions and discounts. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the entirety of the acquired stock was sold by Covenant, Covenant delivered net proceeds of $28,064,000, and the Company recognized $10,868,000 of other noninterest income measured as the difference between the initial purchase accounting measurement and the amount of net proceeds delivered to the Company upon liquidation. Of the total $10,868,000 of noninterest income recognized, $2,007,000 was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the remainder was recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2020.

The intangible assets recognized include a customer relationship intangible asset with an acquisition date fair value of $3,500,000 which will be amortized utilizing an accelerated method over its eight year estimated useful life.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The indemnification asset was measured separately from the related covered portfolio. It is not contractually embedded in the covered portfolio nor is it transferable with the covered portfolio should the Company choose to dispose of the portfolio or a portion of the portfolio. The indemnification asset was initially recorded in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time of the TFS Acquisition at a fair value of $30,959,000, measured as the present value of the estimated cash payments expected to be received from Covenant for probable losses on the covered Over-Formula Advance Portfolio. These cash flows were discounted at a rate to reflect the uncertainty of the timing and receipt of the payments from Covenant. The amount ultimately collected for this asset will be dependent upon the performance of the underlying covered portfolio, the passage of time, and Covenant's willingness and ability to make necessary payments. The terms of the Agreement are such that indemnification has no expiration date and the Company will continue to carry the indemnification asset until ultimate resolution of the covered portfolio. The indemnification asset is reviewed quarterly and changes to the asset are recorded as adjustments to other noninterest income, as appropriate, within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The value of the indemnification asset was $4,786,000 and $36,225,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, new adverse developments with the largest of the three Over-Formula Advance clients caused the Company to charge-off the entire Over-Formula Advance amount due from that client. This resulted in a net charge-off of $41,265,000; however, this net charge-off had no impact on credit loss expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as the entire amount had been reserved in a prior period. In accordance with the Agreement reached with Covenant, Covenant reimbursed the Company for $35,633,000 of this charge-off by drawing on its secured line of credit, which was reflected on the Company's March 31, 2021 Consolidated Balance Sheet as a current and performing equipment loan held for investment. Given separate developments with the other two Over-Formula Advance clients, the Company reserved an additional $2,844,000 reflected in credit loss expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The $2,844,000 increase in required ACL as well as accretion of most of the fair value discount on the indemnification asset held at December 31, 2020 resulted in a $4,654,000 gain on the indemnification asset which was recorded through non-interest income. Since March 31, 2021, Covenant has paid down its secured line of credit with TBK in its entirety and carries no outstanding balance at September 30, 2021. At September 30, 2021, Covenant had remaining availability of $9,361,000 on its TBK line of credit available to cover our indemnification balance of up to $5,038,000.

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, there were no material changes in the underlying credit quality of the remaining two Over-Formula Advance clients. As such, there were no charge-offs related to these balances and no material adjustments were made to the corresponding ACL balances or the indemnification asset during that period.

The contractually required payments and the fair value at acquisition of factored receivables purchased for which there was not, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination (non-PCD loans) totaled $45,228,000 and $44,962,000, respectively.

Management determined that the $62,200,000 in Over-Formula Advances obtained through the TFS Acquisition had experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and thus, deemed those Over-Formula Advances to be purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD"). Other, less significant factored receivables were also considered to be PCD. The following table presents information at the acquisition date for factored receivables purchased for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination:


(Dollars in thousands)
Purchase price of loans at acquisition			$25,147
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition			37,415
Non-credit discount/(premium) at acquisition			941
Par value of acquired loans at acquisition			$63,503

Revenue and earnings of TFS since the acquisition date have not been disclosed as the acquired company was merged into the Company and separate financial information is not readily available.

Expenses related to the acquisition, including professional fees and other transaction costs, totaling $827,000 were recorded in noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Triumph Premium Finance

On April 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the assets (the “Disposal Group”) of Triumph Premium Finance (“TPF”) and exit its premium finance line of business. The decision to sell TPF was made during the three months ended March 31, 2020, and at March 31, 2020, the carrying amount of the Disposal Group was transferred to assets held for sale. The sale closed on June 30, 2020.

A summary of the carrying amount of the assets in the Disposal Group and the gain on sale is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)
Carrying amount of assets in the disposal group:
Loans	$	84,504
Premises and equipment, net	45
Other assets	11
	84,560
Carrying amount of liabilities in the disposal group:
Other liabilities	479
Total carrying amount	$	84,081
Total consideration received	94,531
Gain on sale of division	10,450
Transaction costs	692
Gain on sale of division, net of transaction costs	$	9,758

The Disposal Group was included in the Banking segment, and the loans in the Disposal Group were previously included in the commercial loan portfolio.

NOTE 3 - SECURITIES

Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values

The Company held equity securities with fair values of $5,623,000 and $5,826,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The gross realized and unrealized losses recognized on equity securities with readily determinable fair values in noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at the reporting date	$	(231)	$	(371)	$	(203)	$	603
Realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold during the period	—		—		—		—
	$	(231)	$	(371)	$	(203)	$	603

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Debt Securities

Debt securities have been classified in the financial statements as available for sale or held to maturity. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses of debt securities and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses of available for sale securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and gross unrecognized gains and losses of held to maturity securities:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2021
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	4,999	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	5,001
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	17,308		860		(1)		—		18,167
Asset-backed securities	6,860		5		(1)		—		6,864
State and municipal	28,513		662		—		—		29,175
CLO securities	96,928		3,806		(15)		—		100,719
Corporate bonds	1,990		71		—		—		2,061
SBA pooled securities	2,735		94		—		—		2,829
Total available for sale securities	$	159,333	$	5,500	$	(17)	$	—	$	164,816


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2021
Held to maturity securities:
CLO securities	$	7,225	$	—	$	(1,691)	$	5,534
Allowance for credit losses	(1,737)
Total held to maturity securities, net of ACL	$	5,488


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2020
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	14,942	$	146	$	—	$	—	$	15,088
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	26,547		1,139		(2)		—		27,684
Asset-backed securities	7,091		—		(52)		—		7,039
State and municipal	36,238		1,157		—		—		37,395
CLO Securities	118,128		4,335		(259)		—		122,204
Corporate bonds	11,373		205		(5)		—		11,573
SBA pooled securities	3,200		133		(6)		—		3,327
Total available for sale securities	$	217,519	$	7,115	$	(324)	$	—	$	224,310


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2020
Held to maturity securities:
CLO securities	$	7,945	$	—	$	(2,095)	$	5,850
Allowance for credit losses	(2,026)
Total held to maturity securities, net of ACL	$	5,919

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at September 30, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Available for Sale Securities				Held to Maturity Securities
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	14,984	$	15,046	$	—	$	—
Due from one year to five years	3,697		3,770		—		—
Due from five years to ten years	72,591		75,497		7,225		5,534
Due after ten years	41,158		42,643		—		—
	132,430		136,956		7,225		5,534
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	17,308		18,167		—		—
Asset-backed securities	6,860		6,864		—		—
SBA pooled securities	2,735		2,829		—		—
	$	159,333	$	164,816	$	7,225	$	5,534

Proceeds from sales of debt securities and the associated gross gains and losses as well as net gains and losses from calls of debt securities are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Proceeds	$	—	$	65,184	$	—	$	65,184
Gross gains	—		3,217		—		3,217
Gross losses	—		(140)		—		(140)
Net gains and losses from calls of securities	4		32		5		133

Debt securities with a carrying amount of approximately $88,968,000 and $73,056,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, customer repurchase agreements, and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

Accrued interest on available for sale securities totaled $776,000 and $1,233,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. There was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The following table summarizes available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2021
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	—		—		18		(1)		18		(1)
Asset-backed securities	—		—		5,060		(1)		5,060		(1)
State and municipal	—		—		—		—		—		—
CLO securities	9,972		(9)		2,766		(6)		12,738		(15)
Corporate bonds	—		—		—		—		—		—
SBA pooled securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	9,972	$	(9)	$	7,844	$	(8)	$	17,816	$	(17)

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	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2020
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	100		(1)		215		(1)		315		(2)
Asset-backed securities	129		—		6,911		(52)		7,040		(52)
State and municipal	—		—		—		—		—		—
CLO Securities	12,083		(93)		29,785		(166)		41,868		(259)
Corporate bonds	498		(5)		150		—		648		(5)
SBA pooled securities	889		(6)		29		—		918		(6)
	$	13,699	$	(105)	$	37,090	$	(219)	$	50,789	$	(324)

Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

At September 30, 2021, the Company had 12 available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2021, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for held to maturity debt securities:


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Held to Maturity CLO Securities	2021		2020		2021		2020
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,727	$	1,855	$	2,026	$	—
Impact of adopting ASC 326	—		—		—		126
Credit loss expense	10		106		(289)		1,835
Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	1,737	$	1,961	$	1,737	$	1,961

The Company’s held to maturity securities are investments in the unrated subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation funds. These securities are the junior-most in securitization capital structures, and are subject to suspension of distributions if the credit of the underlying loan portfolios deteriorates materially. The ACL on held to maturity securities is estimated at each measurement date on a collective basis by major security type. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s held to maturity securities consisted of three investments in the subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) funds. Expected credit losses for these securities are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology which considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Ultimately, the realized cash flows on CLO securities such as these will be driven by a variety of factors, including credit performance of the underlying loan portfolio, adjustments to the portfolio by the asset manager, and the timing of a potential call. As of September 30, 2021, $5,810,000 of the Company’s held to maturity securities were classified as nonaccrual.

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NOTE 4 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans Held for Sale

The following table presents loans held for sale:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	19,519	$	—
1-4 family residential	1,554		6,319
Commercial	5,364		18,227
Total loans held for sale	$	26,437	$	24,546

Loans Held for Investment

Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost and unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment:


	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unpaid Principal		Difference		Amortized Cost		Unpaid Principal		Difference
Commercial real estate	$	630,106	$	632,182	$	(2,076)	$	779,158	$	782,614	$	(3,456)
Construction, land development, land	171,814		171,998		(184)		219,647		220,021		(374)
1-4 family residential	127,073		127,446		(373)		157,147		157,731		(584)
Farmland	82,990		83,549		(559)		103,685		104,522		(837)
Commercial	1,398,497		1,410,739		(12,242)		1,562,957		1,579,841		(16,884)
Factored receivables	1,607,028		1,611,525		(4,497)		1,120,770		1,122,008		(1,238)
Consumer	12,677		12,689		(12)		15,838		15,863		(25)
Mortgage warehouse	752,545		752,545		—		1,037,574		1,037,574		—
Total loans held for investment	4,782,730		$	4,802,673	$	(19,943)	4,996,776		$	5,020,174	$	(23,398)
Allowance for credit losses	(41,017)						(95,739)
	$	4,741,713					$	4,901,037

The difference between the amortized cost and the unpaid principal is primarily (1) premiums and discounts associated with acquired loans totaling $12,119,000 and $18,511,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and (2) net deferred origination and factoring fees totaling $7,824,000 and $4,887,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $15,235,000 and $18,198,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $189,565,000 and $145,892,000, respectively, of customer reserves associated with factored receivables. These amounts represent customer reserves held to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls, may be used to pay customers’ obligations to various third parties as directed by the customer, are periodically released to or withdrawn by customers, and are reported as deposits in the consolidated balance sheets.

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the balance of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio included in factored receivables was $10,077,000 and $62,100,000, respectively.

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As of September 30, 2021 the Company carried a separate $19,361,000 receivable (the “Misdirected Payments”) payable by the United States Postal Service (“USPS”) arising from accounts factored to the largest Over-Formula Advance Portfolio carrier. This amount is separate from the acquired Over-Formula Advances. The amounts represented by this receivable were paid by the USPS directly to such customer in contravention of notices of assignment delivered to, and previously honored by, the USPS, which amount was then not remitted back to us by such customer as required. The USPS disputes their obligation to make such payment, citing purported deficiencies in the notices delivered to them. In addition to commencing litigation against such customer, we have commenced litigation against the USPS seeking a ruling that the USPS was obligated to make the payments represented by this receivable directly to us. During the third quarter of 2021 we, together with the USPS, entered into a stipulation of dismissal without prejudice for our initial action with respect to this matter in United States Federal District Court and filed a new action seeking recourse from the USPS in the United States Court of Federal Claims. Based on our legal analysis and discussions with our counsel advising us on this matter, we continue to believe it is probable that we will prevail in such action and that the USPS will have the capacity to make payment on such receivable. Consequently, the Company has not reserved for such balance as of September 30, 2021.

Loans with carrying amounts of $1,652,900,000 and $2,255,441,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged to secure Federal Home Loan Bank borrowing capacity, Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility borrowings and Federal Reserve Bank discount window borrowing capacity.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, loans with carrying amounts of $12,373,000 and $76,976,000, respectively, were transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale at fair value concurrently with management’s change in intent and decision to sell the loans. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, loans transferred to held for sale were sold resulting in proceeds of $17,446,000 and $63,028,000, respectively. The Company recorded net gains on transfers and sales of loans of $210,000 and $1,676,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which are recorded as other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, loans with a carrying amount of $56,934,000 and $172,565,000, respectively, were transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale at fair value concurrently with management’s change in intent and decision to sell the loans. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, loans transferred to held for sale were sold resulting in proceeds of $58,313,000 and $145,513,000, respectively. The Company recorded net losses on transfers and sales of loans of $515,000 and $466,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring. The activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) related to loans held for investment is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Credit Loss Expense		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	4,404	$	(453)	$	(17)	$	2	$	3,936
Construction, land development, land	1,490		(434)		—		1		1,057
1-4 family residential	545		(64)		(1)		5		485
Farmland	669		(59)		—		—		610
Commercial	15,674		(1,187)		(211)		—		14,276
Factored receivables	21,823		1,186		(3,597)		239		19,651
Consumer	236		153		(139)		—		250
Mortgage warehouse	853		(101)		—		—		752
	$	45,694	$	(959)	$	(3,965)	$	247	$	41,017

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(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL on Loans Purchased with Credit Deterioration		Credit Loss Expense		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Three months ended September 30, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	15,539	$	—	$	(2,440)	$	—	$	53	$	13,152
Construction, land development, land	5,917		—		(319)		—		2		5,600
1-4 family residential	2,027		—		(56)		(6)		7		1,972
Farmland	958		—		(95)		—		—		863
Commercial	23,283		—		(657)		(528)		615		22,713
Factored receivables	5,244		37,415		3,059		(773)		40		44,985
Consumer	768		—		29		(118)		31		710
Mortgage warehouse	877		—		123		—		—		1,000
	$	54,613	$	37,415	$	(356)	$	(1,425)	$	748	$	90,995


(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Credit Loss Expense		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	10,182	$	(6,239)	$	(17)	$	10	$	3,936
Construction, land development, land	3,418		(2,352)		(12)		3		1,057
1-4 family residential	1,225		(804)		(26)		90		485
Farmland	832		(222)		—		—		610
Commercial	22,040		(7,936)		(426)		598		14,276
Factored receivables	56,463		8,547		(45,683)		324		19,651
Consumer	542		(99)		(285)		92		250
Mortgage warehouse	1,037		(285)		—		—		752
	$	95,739	$	(9,390)	$	(46,449)	$	1,117	$	41,017


(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326		Initial ACL on Loans Purchased with Credit Deterioration		Credit Loss Expense		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Reclassification to Held For Sale		Ending Balance
Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	5,353	$	1,372	$	—	$	6,366	$	—	$	61	$	—	$	13,152
Construction, land development, land	1,382		(187)		—		4,400		—		5		—		5,600
1-4 family residential	308		513		—		1,138		(27)		40		—		1,972
Farmland	670		437		—		(324)		—		80		—		863
Commercial	12,566		(184)		—		11,004		(1,173)		949		(449)		22,713
Factored receivables	7,657		(1,630)		37,415		4,475		(3,027)		95		—		44,985
Consumer	488		(52)		—		583		(410)		101		—		710
Mortgage warehouse	668		—		—		332		—		—		—		1,000
	$	29,092	$	269	$	37,415	$	27,974	$	(4,637)	$	1,331	$	(449)	$	90,995

The ACL was estimated using the current expected credit loss model. The primary reasons for the decrease in required ACL during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are net charge-offs on PCD Over-Formula Advances (classified as factored receivables) and improvement of the loss drivers that the Company forecasts to calculate expected losses during the period.

The primary reason for the decrease in required ACL during the three months ended September 30, 2021 is a decrease in specific reserves commensurate with a decrease in nonperforming loans.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Management determined that the $62,200,000 in Over-Formula Advances obtained through the TFS Acquisition during 2020 had experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and thus deemed those Over-Formula Advances to be purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD"). The total remaining ACL on all acquired PCD Over-Formula Advances was approximately $10,077,000 at September 30, 2021 compared to $48,485,000 at December 31, 2020. The primary driver of the decrease in required ACL during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was a net charge-off of $41,265,000 due from the largest acquired Over-Formula Advance client. This was partially offset by an additional $2,844,000 million of reserve required across the two remaining Over-Formula Advance clients. As of September 30, 2021, the entire remaining acquired PCD Over-Formula Advance balance was fully reserved. See Note 2 – Business Combinations and Divestitures for further discussion of Over-Formula Advance activity.

The Company uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate ACL for the commercial real estate, construction, land development, land, 1-4 family residential, commercial (excluding liquid credit), and consumer loan pools. For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, the Company utilizes and forecasts national unemployment as a loss driver. The Company also utilizes and forecasts either one-year percentage change in national retail sales (commercial real estate – non multifamily, commercial general, commercial agriculture, commercial asset-based lending, commercial equipment finance, consumer), one-year percentage change in the national home price index (1-4 family residential and construction, land development, land), or one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product (commercial real estate – multifamily) as a second loss driver depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlates to expected future losses. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments.

For all DCF models at September 30, 2021, the Company has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. The Company leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by the Company when developing the forecast metrics. At September 30, 2021, as compared to December 31, 2020, the Company forecasted a significant decrease in national unemployment, an increase in one-year percentage change in national retail sales, an increase in one-year percentage change in the national home price index, and an increase in one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product. At September 30, 2021, for percentage changes in national retail sales, national home price index and national gross domestic product, the Company projected significant growth in the first projected quarter followed by percentage change growth for the last three projected quarters resembling something closer to pre-COVID-19 levels albeit slightly more modest. Projected unemployment rates used by the Company are relatively stable over the four projected quarters at levels somewhat higher than pre-COVID-19 conditions.

The Company uses a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses for the farmland, liquid credit, factored receivable, and mortgage warehouse loan pools. For each of these loan segments, the Company applies an expected loss ratio based on internal and peer historical losses adjusted as appropriate for qualitative factors. Qualitative loss factors are based on the Company's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. Loss factors used to calculate the required ACL on pools that use the loss-rate method reflect the forecasted economic conditions described above.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, in addition to the impact of changes to the ACL on acquired PCD Over-Formula Advances previously discussed, changes in projected loss drivers and assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period decreased the required ACL by $10,319,000. Further, the Company experienced a net reserve release of specific reserves on non-PCD loans. Changes in loan volume and mix during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also decreased the ACL during the period. Non-PCD-related net charge-offs reduced the ACL by $4,067,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, changes in projected loss drivers and assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period decreased the required ACL by $177,000. Further, the Company experienced a net reserve release of specific reserves on non-PCD loans. Changes in loan volume and mix during the three months ended September 30, 2021 did not have a significant impact the ACL during the period. Non-PCD-related net charge-offs reduced the ACL by $3,718,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable		Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	3,544	$	—	$	—	$	142	$	3,686	$	267
Construction, land development, land	1,008		—		—		—		1,008		—
1-4 family residential	1,260		—		—		168		1,428		10
Farmland	1,916		—		130		—		2,046		—
Commercial	569		—		4,266		3,062		7,897		2,187
Factored receivables	—		45,524		—		—		45,524		11,650
Consumer	—		—		—		251		251		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	8,297	$	45,524	$	4,396	$	3,623	$	61,840	$	14,114

At September 30, 2021 the balance of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio included in factored receivables $10,077,000 and was fully reserved. At September 30, 2021 the balance of Misdirected Payments included in factored receivables was $19,361,000 and carried no ACL allocation.


(Dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable		Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	12,454	$	—	$	—	$	162	$	12,616	$	1,334
Construction, land development, land	2,317		—		—		—		2,317		271
1-4 family residential	1,948		—		—		248		2,196		34
Farmland	2,189		—		143		198		2,530		—
Commercial	1,813		—		5,842		9,352		17,007		5,163
Factored receivables	—		92,437		—		—		92,437		51,371
Consumer	—		—		—		253		253		37
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	20,721	$	92,437	$	5,985	$	10,213	$	129,356	$	58,210

At December 31, 2020 the balance of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio included in factored receivables was $62,100,000 and carried an ACL allocation of $48,485,000. At December 31, 2020 the balance of Misdirected Payments included in factored receivables was $19,600,000 and carried no ACL allocation.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	Past Due 30-59 Days		Past Due 60-90 Days		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	376	$	—	$	16	$	392	$	629,714	$	630,106	$	—
Construction, land development, land	—		—		977		977		170,837		171,814		—
1-4 family residential	680		437		720		1,837		125,236		127,073		—
Farmland	—		—		550		550		82,440		82,990		—
Commercial	1,541		141		3,843		5,525		1,392,972		1,398,497		84
Factored receivables	49,084		14,643		36,936		100,663		1,506,365		1,607,028		36,936
Consumer	300		41		85		426		12,251		12,677		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		752,545		752,545		—
Total	$	51,981	$	15,262	$	43,127	$	110,370	$	4,672,360	$	4,782,730	$	37,020

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(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands)	Past Due 30-59 Days		Past Due 60-90 Days		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	1,512	$	147	$	7,623	$	9,282	$	769,876	$	779,158	$	—
Construction, land development, land	185		1,001		323		1,509		218,138		219,647		22
1-4 family residential	1,978		448		952		3,378		153,769		157,147		—
Farmland	407		1,000		300		1,707		101,978		103,685		—
Commercial	2,084		1,765		5,770		9,619		1,553,338		1,562,957		35
Factored receivables	33,377		28,506		72,717		134,600		986,170		1,120,770		72,717
Consumer	385		116		81		582		15,256		15,838		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		1,037,574		1,037,574		—
Total	$	39,928	$	32,983	$	87,766	$	160,677	$	4,836,099	$	4,996,776	$	72,774

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, total past due Over-Formula Advances recorded in factored receivables was $10,077,000 and $62,100,000, respectively, all of which was considered past due 90 days or more. Aging of the Over-Formula Advances is based upon the service month on which the advances were made by TFS prior to acquisition. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Misdirected Payments totaled $19,361,000 and $19,600,000, respectively. At September 30, 2021, the entire $19,361,000 balance of the Misdirected Payments was considered past due 90 days or more, and at December 31, 2020 approximately $6,000,000 was considered past due 90 days or more. Given the nature of factored receivables, these assets are disclosed as past due 90 days or more still accruing; however, the Company is not recognizing income on the assets at September 30, 2021. Historically, any income recognized on factored receivables that are past due 90 days or more has not been material.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses:


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No ACL		Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No ACL
Commercial real estate	$	2,113	$	1,438	$	9,945	$	3,461
Construction, land development, land	986		986		2,294		1,199
1-4 family residential	1,310		1,262		1,848		1,651
Farmland	2,046		2,046		2,531		2,531
Commercial	7,828		4,262		17,202		4,891
Factored receivables	—		—		—		—
Consumer	251		251		253		188
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—
	$	14,534	$	10,245	$	34,073	$	13,921

The following table presents accrued interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	371	$	8	$	435
Construction, land development, land	—		1		—		1
1-4 family residential	—		21		1		31
Farmland	—		36		6		36
Commercial	—		37		23		76
Factored receivables	—		—		—		—
Consumer	3		—		3		2
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—
	$	3	$	466	$	41	$	581

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

There was no interest earned on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Nonaccrual loans(1)	$	14,534	$	34,073
Factored receivables greater than 90 days past due	26,859		13,927
Other nonperforming factored receivables(2)	1,428		10,029
Troubled debt restructurings accruing interest	17		3
	$	42,838	$	58,032

(1)Includes troubled debt restructurings of $5,048,000 and $13,321,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)Other nonperforming factored receivables represent the portion of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio that is not covered by Covenant's indemnification. This amount is also considered Classified from a risk rating perspective.

Credit Quality Information

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including: current collateral and financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk on a regular basis. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer loans, are analyzed primarily based on payment status. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass – Pass rated loans have low to average risk and are not otherwise classified.

Classified – Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Certain classified loans have the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans is as follows:


													Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted To Term Loans		Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Year of Origination
September 30, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	161,022	$	254,852	$	48,186	$	33,865	$	56,081	$	46,685	$	25,243	$	—	$	625,934
Classified	690		3,425		41		—		16		—		—		—		4,172
Total commercial real estate	$	161,712	$	258,277	$	48,227	$	33,865	$	56,097	$	46,685	$	25,243	$	—	$	630,106

Construction, land development, land
Pass	$	76,239	$	57,943	$	12,580	$	21,680	$	1,214	$	1,159	$	9	$	—	$	170,824
Classified	—		845		—		—		—		145		—		—		990
Total construction, land development, land	$	76,239	$	58,788	$	12,580	$	21,680	$	1,214	$	1,304	$	9	$	—	$	171,814

1-4 family residential
Pass	$	21,915	$	18,191	$	9,961	$	7,170	$	10,068	$	25,998	$	32,018	$	327	$	125,648
Classified	219		240		53		7		8		816		82		—		1,425
Total 1-4 family residential	$	22,134	$	18,431	$	10,014	$	7,177	$	10,076	$	26,814	$	32,100	$	327	$	127,073

Farmland
Pass	$	11,922	$	14,111	$	11,021	$	8,749	$	10,212	$	22,761	$	1,283	$	130	$	80,189
Classified	699		524		650		336		128		307		157		—		2,801
Total farmland	$	12,621	$	14,635	$	11,671	$	9,085	$	10,340	$	23,068	$	1,440	$	130	$	82,990

Commercial
Pass	$	419,788	$	401,324	$	92,389	$	25,544	$	17,534	$	7,485	$	413,973	$	436	$	1,378,473
Classified	1,422		7,995		5,493		571		66		464		4,013		—		20,024
Total commercial	$	421,210	$	409,319	$	97,882	$	26,115	$	17,600	$	7,949	$	417,986	$	436	$	1,398,497

Factored receivables
Pass	$	1,575,756	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,575,756
Classified	10,594		20,678		—		—		—		—		—		—		31,272
Total factored receivables	$	1,586,350	$	20,678	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,607,028

Consumer
Pass	$	2,173	$	2,072	$	805	$	689	$	2,739	$	3,881	$	68	$	—	$	12,427
Classified	5		—		—		1		123		121		—		—		250
Total consumer	$	2,178	$	2,072	$	805	$	690	$	2,862	$	4,002	$	68	$	—	$	12,677

Mortgage warehouse
Pass	$	752,545	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	752,545
Classified	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage warehouse	$	752,545	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	752,545

Total loans
Pass	$	3,021,360	$	748,493	$	174,942	$	97,697	$	97,848	$	107,969	$	472,594	$	893	$	4,721,796
Classified	13,629		33,707		6,237		915		341		1,853		4,252		—		60,934
Total loans	$	3,034,989	$	782,200	$	181,179	$	98,612	$	98,189	$	109,822	$	476,846	$	893	$	4,782,730

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


													Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted To Term Loans		Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Year of Origination
December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	271,406	$	94,085	$	62,075	$	49,115	$	27,921	$	230,731	$	27,666	$	908	$	763,907
Classified	10,298		2,239		133		1,367		664		550		—		—		15,251
Total commercial real estate	$	281,704	$	96,324	$	62,208	$	50,482	$	28,585	$	231,281	$	27,666	$	908	$	779,158

Construction, land development, land
Pass	$	72,149	$	12,490	$	11,829	$	5,820	$	8,946	$	105,584	$	12	$	500	$	217,330
Classified	2,031		34		—		—		—		252		—		—		2,317
Total construction, land development, land	$	74,180	$	12,524	$	11,829	$	5,820	$	8,946	$	105,836	$	12	$	500	$	219,647

1-4 family residential
Pass	$	58,300	$	11,280	$	11,425	$	8,982	$	4,400	$	20,167	$	35,326	$	5,320	$	155,200
Classified	1,473		149		137		23		11		49		105		—		1,947
Total 1-4 family residential	$	59,773	$	11,429	$	11,562	$	9,005	$	4,411	$	20,216	$	35,431	$	5,320	$	157,147

Farmland
Pass	$	37,212	$	10,095	$	7,388	$	15,262	$	7,908	$	20,572	$	1,421	$	486	$	100,344
Classified	994		407		403		—		22		590		925		—		3,341
Total farmland	$	38,206	$	10,502	$	7,791	$	15,262	$	7,930	$	21,162	$	2,346	$	486	$	103,685

Commercial
Pass	$	470,477	$	162,203	$	127,569	$	94,154	$	70,405	$	181,312	$	416,197	$	11,396	$	1,533,713
Classified	8,128		2,390		983		190		4,470		2,787		10,296		—		29,244
Total commercial	$	478,605	$	164,593	$	128,552	$	94,344	$	74,875	$	184,099	$	426,493	$	11,396	$	1,562,957

Factored receivables
Pass	$	1,081,316	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,081,316
Classified	39,454		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		39,454
Total factored receivables	$	1,120,770	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,120,770

Consumer
Pass	$	8,382	$	2,251	$	1,336	$	1,258	$	688	$	1,594	$	74	$	—	$	15,583
Classified	146		28		18		36		11		16		—		—		255
Total consumer	$	8,528	$	2,279	$	1,354	$	1,294	$	699	$	1,610	$	74	$	—	$	15,838

Mortgage warehouse
Pass	$	1,037,574	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,037,574
Classified	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage warehouse	$	1,037,574	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,037,574

Total loans
Pass	$	3,036,816	$	292,404	$	221,622	$	174,591	$	120,268	$	559,960	$	480,696	$	18,610	$	4,904,967
Classified	62,524		5,247		1,674		1,616		5,178		4,244		11,326		—		91,809
Total loans	$	3,099,340	$	297,651	$	223,296	$	176,207	$	125,446	$	564,204	$	492,022	$	18,610	$	4,996,776

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Loan Modifications

The Company had troubled debt restructurings with an amortized cost of $5,065,000 and $13,324,000 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company had allocated $1,292,000 and $2,469,000 of allowance for those loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and had not committed to lend additional amounts.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the pre- and post-modification recorded investment of loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company did not grant principal reductions on any restructured loans.


(Dollars in thousands)	Extended Amortization Period		Payment Deferrals		Protective Advances		Total Modifications		Number of Loans






Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	741	$	741	1





Three months ended September 30, 2020
Commercial	123		3,503		—		3,626		14


Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	246	$	—	$	246	2
Construction, land development, land	$	8	$	—	$	—	$	8	1
Farmland	3,486		—		—		3,486		1
Commercial	4,714		9,296		—		14,010		19
	$	8,208	$	9,542	$	—	$	17,750	23

There were no loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had three loans modified as troubled debt restructurings with a recorded investment of $1,681,000 for which there were payment defaults within twelve months following the modification. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had two loans modified as troubled debt restructurings with a recorded investment of $18,000 for which there were payment defaults within twelve months following the modification. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, upon charge-off, or upon foreclosure.

The following table summarizes the balance of loans modified for borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021	2020	2021	2020
Total modifications	—	12,625	10,459	617,976

These modifications primarily consisted of payment deferrals to assist customers. As these modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualify under the provisions of either Section 4013 of the CARES act or Interagency Guidance, they are not considered troubled debt restructurings. The following table summarized the amortized cost of loans with payments currently in deferral and the accrued interest related to the loans with payments in deferral at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)	Total Loans		Balance of Loans Currently in Deferral		Percentage of Portfolio		Accrued Interest Receivable

September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	630,106	$	30,389	4.8	%	$	105
Construction, land development, land	171,814		1,340		0.8	%	5
1-4 family residential	127,073		491		0.4	%	11
Farmland	82,990		—		—	%	—
Commercial	1,398,497		—		—	%	—
Factored receivables	1,607,028		—		—	%	—
Consumer	12,677		—		—	%	—
Mortgage warehouse	752,545		—		—	%	—
Total	$	4,782,730	$	32,220	0.7	%	$	121

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands)	Total Loans		Balance of Loans Currently in Deferral		Percentage of Portfolio		Accrued Interest Receivable

December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate	$	779,158	$	69,980	9.0	%	$	357
Construction, land development, land	219,647		18,821		8.6	%	183
1-4 family residential	157,147		1,129		0.7	%	15
Farmland	103,685		—		—	%	—
Commercial	1,562,957		14,561		0.9	%	166
Factored receivables	1,120,770		—		—	%	—
Consumer	15,838		106		0.7	%	5
Mortgage warehouse	1,037,574		—		—	%	—
Total	$	4,996,776	$	104,597	2.1	%	$	726

Residential Real Estate Loans In Process of Foreclosure

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $375,000 and $251,000, respectively, in 1-4 family residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

NOTE 5 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill and intangible assets consist of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	233,727	$	163,209


	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Core deposit intangibles	$	43,578	$	(30,784)	$	12,794	$	43,578	$	(27,436)	$	16,142
Software intangible assets	16,932		(1,411)		15,521		—		—		—
Other intangible assets	29,560		(11,547)		18,013		19,200		(8,629)		10,571
	$	90,070	$	(43,742)	$	46,328	$	62,778	$	(36,065)	$	26,713

The changes in goodwill and intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	286,567	$	186,162	$	189,922	$	190,286
Acquired goodwill	—		4,520		73,697		4,520
Acquired intangible assets	—		3,500		27,292		3,500
Acquired goodwill - measurement period adjustment	(3,238)		—		(3,179)		—
Amortization of intangibles	(3,274)		(2,141)		(7,677)		(6,265)
Ending balance	$	280,055	$	192,041	$	280,055	$	192,041

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 6 – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s interest bearing deposits.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Beginning in June 2020, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with interest bearing deposits.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate interest bearing deposits. During 2021, the Company estimates that an additional $58,000 will be reclassified as an increase in interest expense.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:

Derivative Assets

As of September 30, 2021

As of December 31, 2020

(Dollars in thousands)

Notional
Amount

Balance
Sheet Location

Fair Value
Total

Notional
Amount

Balance
Sheet Location

Fair Value
Total

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps

200,000

Other Assets

3,948

200,000

Other Assets

816

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(Unaudited)

The table below presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax:


	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component		Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized from AOCI into Income	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps	$	7	$	7	Interest Expense	$	18	$	18

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps	$	257	$	257	Interest Expense	$	(16)	$	(16)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps	$	2,386	$	2,386	Interest Expense	$	70	$	70

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps	$	11	$	11	Interest Expense	$	(16)	$	(16)

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the company fails to maintain its status as a well capitalized institution, then the Company could be required to post additional collateral.

As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest, related to these agreements was $0. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2021, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $3,940,000.

NOTE 7 – VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Collateralized Loan Obligation Funds – Closed

The Company holds investments in the subordinated notes of the following closed Collateralized Loan Obligation (“CLO”) funds:


(Dollars in thousands)	Offering Date	Offering Amount
Trinitas CLO IV, LTD (Trinitas IV)	June 2, 2016	$	406,650
Trinitas CLO V, LTD (Trinitas V)	September 22, 2016	$	409,000
Trinitas CLO VI, LTD (Trinitas VI)	June 20, 2017	$	717,100

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The net carrying amounts of the Company’s investments in the subordinated notes of the CLO funds, which represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with the CLO funds, totaled $5,488,000 and $5,919,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are classified as held to maturity securities within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company performed a consolidation analysis to confirm whether the Company was required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, equity or operations of the closed CLO funds in its financial statements. The Company concluded that the closed CLO funds were variable interest entities and that the Company holds variable interests in the entities in the form of its investments in the subordinated notes of entities. However, the Company also concluded that the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. As a result, the Company was not the primary beneficiary and therefore was not required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, equity, or operations of the closed CLO funds in the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 8 - BORROWINGS

Subordinated Notes

On September 30, 2016, the Company issued $50,000,000 of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2026 (the “2016 Notes”). The 2016 Notes initially bear interest at 6.50% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, September 30, 2021, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 5.345%. The Company redeemed the 2016 Notes in whole on September 30, 2021 at which time $755,000 in remaining deferred costs were recognized through interest expense.

On November 27, 2019, the Company issued $39,500,000 of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029 (the “2019 Notes”). The 2019 Notes initially bear interest at 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, November 27, 2024, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to a benchmark rate, initially three-month LIBOR, as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 3.330%. The Company may, at its option, beginning on November 27, 2024 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2019 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

The 2019 Notes are included on the consolidated balance sheets as liabilities at their carrying values of $38,479,000 and $38,356,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; however, for regulatory purposes, the carrying value of these obligations were eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 regulatory capital. Issuance costs related to the 2019 Notes totaled $1,218,000, including an underwriting discount of $593,000, and have been netted against the subordinated notes liability on the balance sheet. The underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method through the earliest redemption date and recognized as a component of interest expense.

On August 26, 2021, the Company issued $70,000,000 of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031 (the “2021 Notes”). The 2021 Notes initially bear interest at 3.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, September 1, 2026, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to a benchmark rate, initially the three-month term secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR"), as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 2.860%. The Company may, at its option, beginning on September 1, 2026 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2021 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the outstanding principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

The 2021 Notes are included on the consolidated balance sheets as liabilities at their carrying values of $68,276,000 at September 30, 2021; however, for regulatory purposes, the carrying value of these obligations were eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 regulatory capital. Issuance costs related to the 2021 Notes totaled $1,776,000, including a placement fee of $1,225,000, and have been netted against the subordinated notes liability on the balance sheet. The underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method through the earliest redemption date and recognized as a component of interest expense.

The subordinated notes are subordinated in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness and are structurally subordinated to the Company’s subsidiaries’ existing and future indebtedness and other obligations.

There have been no other material changes to the Company's borrowings disclosed in Note 12 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

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NOTE 9 - LEGAL CONTINGENCIES

Various legal claims have arisen from time to time in the normal course of business which, in the opinion of management, will have no material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 10 - OFF-BALANCE SHEET LOAN COMMITMENTS

From time to time, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet financial instruments.

The contractual amounts of financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:


	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Total		Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Total
Unused lines of credit	$	25,574	$	381,584	$	407,158	$	43,406	$	547,430	$	590,836
Standby letters of credit	$	7,819	$	5,782	$	13,601	$	5,464	$	8,429	$	13,893
Commitments to purchase loans	$	—	$	88,620	$	88,620	$	—	$	66,373	$	66,373
Mortgage warehouse commitments	$	—	$	844,903	$	844,903	$	—	$	417,722	$	417,722

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by the Company, upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer, the Company has rights to the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and marketable securities. The credit risk to the Company in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to its customers.

Commitments to purchase loans represent loans purchased by the Company that have not yet settled.

Mortgage warehouse commitments are unconditionally cancellable and represent the unused capacity on mortgage warehouse facilities the Company has approved. The Company reserves the right to refuse to buy any mortgage loans offered for sale by a customer, for any reason, at the Company’s sole and absolute discretion.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures through a charge to credit loss expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures totaled $3,846,000 and $5,005,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents credit loss expense for off balance sheet credit exposures:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Credit loss expense (benefit)	$	(238)	$	(8)	$	(1,159)	$	3,840

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NOTE 11 - Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with the methodologies disclosed in Note 17 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the table below.


(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
September 30, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Securities available for sale
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	—	$	5,001	$	—	$	5,001
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	—		18,167		—		18,167
Asset-backed securities	—		6,864		—		6,864
State and municipal	—		29,175		—		29,175
CLO securities	—		100,719		—		100,719
Corporate bonds	—		2,061		—		2,061
SBA pooled securities	—		2,829		—		2,829
	$	—	$	164,816	$	—	$	164,816

Equity securities
Mutual fund	$	5,623	$	—	$	—	$	5,623

Loans held for sale	$	—	$	26,437	$	—	$	26,437

Derivative financial instruments (cash flow hedges)
Interest rate swap	$	—	$	3,948	$	—	$	3,948

Indemnification asset	$	—	$	—	$	4,786	$	4,786

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(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
December 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Securities available for sale
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	—	$	15,088	$	—	$	15,088
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	—		27,684		—		27,684
Asset-backed securities	—		7,039		—		7,039
State and municipal	—		37,395		—		37,395
CLO Securities	—		122,204		—		122,204
Corporate bonds	—		11,573		—		11,573
SBA pooled securities	—		3,327		—		3,327
	$	—	$	224,310	$	—	$	224,310

Equity securities
Mutual fund	$	5,826	$	—	$	—	$	5,826

Loans held for sale	$	—	$	24,546	$	—	$	24,546

Derivative financial instruments (cash flow hedges)
Interest rate swap	$	—	$	816	$	—	$	816

Indemnification asset	$	—	$	—	$	36,225	$	36,225

There were no transfers between levels during 2021 or 2020.

The fair value of the indemnification asset is calculated as the present value of the estimated cash payments expected to be received from Covenant for probable losses on the covered Over-Formula Advance Portfolio. The cash flows are discounted at a rate to reflect the uncertainty of the timing and receipt of the payments from Covenant. The indemnification asset is reviewed quarterly and changes to the asset are recorded as adjustments to other noninterest income or expense, as appropriate, within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The indemnification asset fair value is considered a Level 3 classification. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated cash payments expected to be received from Covenant for probable losses on the covered Over-Formula Advance Portfolio were approximately $5,038,000 and $39,200,000, respectively, and a discount rate of 5.0% and 8.8%, respectively, was applied to calculate the present value of the indemnification asset. A reconciliation of the opening balance to the closing balance of the fair value of the indemnification asset is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	5,246	$	—	$	36,225	$	—
Indemnification asset recognized in business combination	—		30,959		—		30,959
Change in fair value of indemnification asset recognized in earnings	(460)		—		4,194		—
Indemnification recognized	—		—		(35,633)		—
Ending balance	$	4,786	$	30,959	$	4,786	$	30,959

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Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized in the table below. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
September 30, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	408	$	408
Construction, land development, land	—		—		—		—
1-4 family residential	—		—		38		38
Commercial	—		—		1,379		1,379
Factored receivables	—		—		33,874		33,874
Consumer	—		—		—		—
Other real estate owned (1)
Commercial real estate	—		—		18		18
1-4 family residential	—		—		65		65
Construction	—		—		167		167
	$	—	$	—	$	35,949	$	35,949


(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
December 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	5,107	$	5,107
Construction, land development, land	—		—		824		824
1-4 family residential	—		—		—		—
Commercial	—		—		2,355		2,355
Factored receivables	—		—		41,065		41,065
Consumer	—		—		3		3
PCI
Other real estate owned (1)
Commercial real estate	—		—		273		273
1-4 family residential	—		—		114		114
Farmland	—		—		209		209
	$	—	$	—	$	49,950	$	49,950

(1)Represents the fair value of OREO that was adjusted during the year to date period and subsequent to its initial classification as OREO.

Collateral Dependent Loans Specific Allocation of ACL: A loan is considered to be a collateral dependent loan when, based on current information and events, the Company expects repayment of the financial assets to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the Company has determined that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the measurement date. The ACL is measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the underlying fair value of the loan’s collateral. For real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by third party appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of the collateral. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, sales comparable, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. For example, land is generally based on the sales comparable method while construction is based on the income and/or sales comparable methods. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. The Company reviews the third party appraisal for appropriateness and adjusts the value downward to consider selling and closing costs, which typically range from 5% to 8% of the appraised value. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business.

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OREO: OREO is primarily comprised of real estate acquired in partial or full satisfaction of loans. OREO is recorded at its estimated fair value less estimated selling and closing costs at the date of transfer, with any excess of the related loan balance over the fair value less expected selling costs charged to the ACL. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount and are recorded against earnings. The Company outsources the valuation of OREO with material balances to third party appraisers. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, sales comparable, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. For example, land is generally based on the sales comparable method while construction is based on the income and/or sales comparable methods. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. The Company reviews the third party appraisal for appropriateness and adjusts the value downward to consider selling and closing costs, which typically range from 5% to 8% of the appraised value.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
September 30, 2021			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	532,764	$	532,764	$	—	$	—	$	532,764
Securities - held to maturity	5,488		—		—		5,534		5,534
Loans not previously presented, gross	4,747,031		142,996		—		4,611,706		4,754,702
FHLB and other restricted stock	4,901		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	16,031		16,031		—		—		16,031

Financial liabilities:
Deposits	4,822,575		—		4,823,597		—		4,823,597
Customer repurchase agreements	11,990		—		11,990		—		11,990
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	30,000		—		30,000		—		30,000
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	97,554		—		97,554		—		97,554
Subordinated notes	106,755		—		107,536		—		107,536
Junior subordinated debentures	40,467		—		41,085		—		41,085
Accrued interest payable	1,976		1,976		—		—		1,976


(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using						Total Fair Value
December 31, 2020			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	314,393	$	314,393	$	—	$	—	$	314,393
Securities - held to maturity	5,919		—		—		5,850		5,850
Loans not previously presented, gross	4,953,399		195,739		—		4,783,143		4,978,882
FHLB and other restricted stock	6,751		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	19,435		19,435		—		—		19,435

Financial liabilities:
Deposits	4,716,600		—		4,719,625		—		4,719,625
Customer repurchase agreements	3,099		—		3,099		—		3,099
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	105,000		—		105,000		—		105,000
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	191,860		—		191,860		—		191,860
Subordinated notes	87,509		—		89,413		—		89,413
Junior subordinated debentures	40,072		—		40,379		—		40,379
Accrued interest payable	4,270		4,270		—		—		4,270

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NOTE 12 - REGULATORY MATTERS

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and TBK Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s or TBK Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and TBK Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and TBK Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, common equity Tier 1, and Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company and TBK Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, TBK Bank’s capital ratios exceeded those levels necessary to be categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” TBK Bank must maintain minimum total risk based, common equity Tier 1 risk based, Tier 1 risk based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2021 that management believes have changed TBK Bank’s category.

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The actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and TBK Bank are presented in the following table.


(Dollars in thousands)	Actual			Minimum for Capital Adequacy Purposes			To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
September 30, 2021	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	727,171	13.7%	$	424,625	8.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	655,551	12.5%	$	419,553	8.0%	$	524,441	10.0%

Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	587,326	11.1%	$	317,474	6.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	623,674	11.9%	$	314,457	6.0%	$	419,277	8.0%

Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	501,859	9.4%	$	240,252	4.5%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	623,674	11.9%	$	235,843	4.5%	$	340,662	6.5%

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	587,326	10.4%	$	225,895	4.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	623,674	11.1%	$	224,747	4.0%	$	280,934	5.0%
As of December 31, 2020
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	715,142	13.0%	$	440,087	8.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	653,359	12.1%	$	431,973	8.0%	$	539,966	10.0%

Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	581,580	10.6%	$	329,196	6.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	608,737	11.3%	$	323,223	6.0%	$	430,964	8.0%

Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	496,508	9.0%	$	248,254	4.5%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	608,737	11.3%	$	242,417	4.5%	$	350,158	6.5%

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Triumph Bancorp, Inc.	$	581,580	10.8%	$	215,400	4.0%	N/A		N/A
TBK Bank, SSB	$	608,737	11.3%	$	215,482	4.0%	$	269,353	5.0%

As permitted by the interim final rule issued on March 27, 2020 by the federal banking regulatory agencies, the Company has elected the option to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital of ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which was effective January 1, 2020. The initial impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 as well as 25% of the quarterly increases in the allowance for credit losses subsequent to adoption of ASU 2016-13 (collectively the “transition adjustments”) will be delayed for two years. After two years, the cumulative amount of the transition adjustments will become fixed and will be phased out of the regulatory capital calculations evenly over a three year period, with 75% recognized in year three, 50% recognized in year four, and 25% recognized in year five. After five years, the temporary regulatory capital benefits will be fully reversed.

Dividends paid by TBK Bank are limited to, without prior regulatory approval, current year earnings and earnings less dividends paid during the preceding two years.

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The capital conservation buffer set forth by the Basel III regulatory capital framework was 2.5% at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress and requires increased capital levels for the purpose of capital distributions and other payments. Failure to meet the full amount of the buffer will result in restrictions on the Company’s ability to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s and TBK Bank’s risk based capital exceeded the required capital conservation buffer.

NOTE 13 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following summarizes the capital structure of Triumph Bancorp, Inc.

Preferred Stock Series C


(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Shares authorized	51,750			51,750
Shares issued	45,000			45,000
Shares outstanding	45,000			45,000
Par value per share	$	0.01		$	0.01
Liquidation preference per share	$	1,000		$	1,000
Liquidation preference amount	$	45,000		$	45,000
Dividend rate	7.125		%	7.125		%
Dividend payment dates	Quarterly			Quarterly

Common Stock


	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Shares authorized	50,000,000		50,000,000
Shares issued	28,224,921		27,951,721
Treasury shares	(3,101,579)		(3,083,503)
Shares outstanding	25,123,342		24,868,218
Par value per share	$	0.01	$	0.01

Preferred Stock Offering

On June 19, 2020, the Company issued 45,000 shares of 7.125% Series C Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share through an underwritten public offering of 1,800,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of the Series C Preferred Stock. Total gross proceeds from the preferred stock offering were $45,000,000. Net proceeds after underwriting discounts and offering expenses were $42,364,000. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

Series C Preferred Stock holders are entitled to quarterly cash dividends accruing at the rate per annum of 7.125% beginning September 30, 2020, applied to the liquidation preference value of the stock. Any dividends not paid shall not accumulate but will be waived and not payable by the Company. Payments of dividends are subject to declaration by the board of the Company. The Series C Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the holder and is senior to the Company’s common stock. The Series C Preferred stock may be redeemed in whole or in part by the Company at liquidation value (i) on any dividend payment date on or after June 30, 2025 or (ii) within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event (as defined in the Statement of Designation), subject to regulatory approval.

Stock Repurchase Programs

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 871,319 shares into treasury stock under the Company’s stock repurchase program at an average price of $40.81, for a total of $35,600,000, effectively completing the $50,000,000 stock repurchase program authorized by the Company’s board of directors on October 16, 2019. No shares were repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 under a stock repurchase program.

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NOTE 14 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

Stock based compensation expense that has been charged against income was $4,445,000 and $1,309,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $9,181,000 and $3,443,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The Company’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“Omnibus Incentive Plan”) provides for the grant of nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other awards that may be settled in, or based upon the value of, the Company’s common stock. The maximum number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan is 2,450,000 shares.

Restricted Stock Awards

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Nonvested RSAs	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021	205,536	29.17
Granted	232,551	87.60
Vested	(78,017)	34.08
Forfeited	(3,907)	50.51
Nonvested at September 30, 2021	356,163	66.01

RSAs granted to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan typically vest over three to four years. Compensation expense for the RSAs will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the stock at the issue date. As of September 30, 2021, there was $15,794,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested RSAs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of 3.42 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Nonvested RSUs	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021	89,713	33.34
Granted	17,757	84.47
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested at September 30, 2021	107,470	41.79

RSUs granted to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan typically vest after four to five years. Compensation expense for the RSUs will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the stock at the issue date. As of September 30, 2021, there was $2,519,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested RSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of 2.67 years.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Market Based Performance Stock Units

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested Market Based Performance Stock Units (“Market Based PSUs”) under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Nonvested Market Based PSUs	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at Nonvested at January 1, 2021	85,611	$	35.65
Granted	13,520	98.03
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	(4,147)	55.02
Nonvested at September 30, 2021	94,984	$	43.68

Market Based PSUs granted to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan vest after three to five years. The number of shares issued upon vesting will range from 0% to 175% of the Market Based PSUs granted based on the Company’s relative total shareholder return (“TSR”) as compared to the TSR of a specified group of peer banks. Compensation expense for the Market Based PSUs will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. The fair value of Market Based PSUs granted is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. Expected volatilities were determined based on the historical volatilities of the Company and the specified peer group. The risk-free interest rate for the performance period was derived from the Treasury constant maturities yield curve on the valuation dates.

The fair value of the Market Based PSUs granted was determined using the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Grant date	May 1, 2021			May 1, 2020
Performance period	3.00 years			3.00 years
Stock price	$	88.63		$	26.25
Triumph stock price volatility	51.71		%	43.02		%
Risk-free rate	0.35		%	0.25		%

As of September 30, 2021, there was $1,962,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested Market Based PSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of 2.06 years.

Performance Based Performance Stock Units

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested Performance Based Performance Stock Units (“Performance Based PSUs”) under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Nonvested Performance Based PSUs	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021	256,625	$	37.56
Granted	9,000	88.63
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	(6,242)	38.02
Nonvested at September 30, 2021	259,383	$	39.32

Performance Based PSUs granted to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan vest after three years. The number of shares issued upon vesting will range from 0% to 200% of the shares granted based on the Company’s cumulative diluted earnings per share over the performance period. Compensation expense for the Performance Based PSUs will be estimated each period based on the fair value of the stock at the grant date and the most probable outcome of the performance condition, adjusted for the passage of time within the vesting period of the awards. As of September 30, 2021, the maximum unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested Performance Based PSUs was $20,396,000, and the remaining performance period over which the cost could be recognized was 1.25 years. No compensation cost was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Stock Options

A summary of the changes in the Company’s stock options under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Stock Options	Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In Thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021	227,986	$	25.16
Granted	16,939	88.63
Exercised	(48,541)	24.30
Forfeited or expired	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	196,384	$	31.11	6.41	$	13,554

Fully vested shares and shares expected to vest at September 30, 2021	196,384	$	31.11	6.41	$	13,554

Shares exercisable at September 30, 2021	136,032	$	24.02	5.51	$	10,163

Information related to the stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$	2,407	$	10
Cash received from option exercises	196		—
Tax benefit realized from option exercises	506		2
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted	$	35.37	$	8.85

Stock options awarded to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant, vest over four years, and have ten year contractual terms. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatilities were determined based on a blend of the Company’s historical volatility and historical volatilities of a peer group of companies with a similar size, industry, stage of life cycle, and capital structure. The expected term of the options granted was determined based on the SEC simplified method, which calculates the expected term as the mid-point between the weighted average time to vesting and the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the options was derived from the Treasury constant maturity yield curve on the valuation date.

The fair value of the stock options granted was determined using the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Risk-free interest rate	1.16	%	0.46	%
Expected term	6.25 years		6.25 years
Expected stock price volatility	39.26	%	33.83	%
Dividend yield	—		—

As of September 30, 2021, there was $512,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of 2.94 years.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On April 1, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Triumph Bancorp, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and reserved 2,500,000 shares of common stock for issuance. The ESPP was approved by the Company’s stockholders on May 16, 2019. The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of each six month offering period. The first offering period commenced on February 1, 2021 and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, 9,101 shares were issued under the plan.

NOTE 15 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The factors used in the earnings per share computation follow:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Basic
Net income to common stockholders	$	23,627	$	22,005	$	83,929	$	30,995
Weighted average common shares outstanding	24,759,419		24,592,092		24,719,861		24,298,897
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.95	$	0.89	$	3.40	$	1.28
Diluted
Net income to common stockholders	$	23,627	$	22,005	$	83,929	$	30,995
Weighted average common shares outstanding	24,759,419		24,592,092		24,719,861		24,298,897
Dilutive effects of:
Assumed exercises of stock options	121,110		48,102		129,149		53,232
Restricted stock awards	141,204		67,907		146,172		65,893
Restricted stock units	74,268		18,192		71,620		15,198
Performance stock units - market based	131,346		76,095		131,275		30,995
Performance stock units - performance based	—		—		—		—
Employee stock purchase program	616		—		1,914		—
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares	25,227,963		24,802,388		25,199,991		24,464,215
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.94	$	0.89	$	3.33	$	1.27

Shares that were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share because they were antidilutive are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Stock options	16,939	98,513	16,939	98,513
Restricted stock awards	—	—	195,640	—
Restricted stock units	—	—	17,757	—
Performance stock units - market based	12,020	—	12,020	—
Performance stock units - performance based	259,383	261,125	259,383	261,125
Employee stock purchase program	—	—	—	—

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 16 – BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The following table presents the Company’s operating segments. The accounting policy for reportable segments is previously disclosed in Note 1. Transactions between segments consist primarily of borrowed funds. Intersegment interest expense is allocated to the Factoring and Payments segments based on Federal Home Loan Bank advance rates. Credit loss expense is allocated based on the segment’s allowance for credit losses determination. Noninterest income and expense directly attributable to a segment are assigned to it. Taxes are paid on a consolidated basis and are not allocated for segment purposes. The Factoring segment includes only factoring originated by TBC.


(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	46,175	$	47,222	$	3,295	$	43	$	96,735
Intersegment interest allocations	2,452		(2,341)		(111)		—		—
Total interest expense	2,073		—		—		2,891		4,964
Net interest income (expense)	46,554		44,881		3,184		(2,848)		91,771
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(2,399)		1,164		38		10		(1,187)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	48,953		43,717		3,146		(2,858)		92,958
Noninterest income	7,371		1,557		3,086		41		12,055
Noninterest expense	41,183		19,106		11,416		1,108		72,813
Operating income (loss)	$	15,141	$	26,168	$	(5,184)	$	(3,925)	$	32,200


(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	50,927	$	30,068	$	1,361	$	8	$	82,364
Intersegment interest allocations	3,459		(3,312)		(147)		—		—
Total interest expense	6,176		—		—		1,809		7,985
Net interest income (expense)	48,210		26,756		1,214		(1,801)		74,379
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(3,419)		3,053		2		106		(258)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	51,629		23,703		1,212		(1,907)		74,637
Noninterest income	7,443		3,157		47		(154)		10,493
Noninterest expense	37,389		13,665		3,195		1,048		55,297
Operating income (loss)	$	21,683	$	13,195	$	(1,936)	$	(3,109)	$	29,833


(Dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	144,087	$	127,699	$	7,939	$	51	$	279,776
Intersegment interest allocations	8,117		(7,700)		(417)		—		—
Total interest expense	8,225		—		—		6,478		14,703
Net interest income (expense)	143,979		119,999		7,522		(6,427)		265,073
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(19,187)		8,091		548		(290)		(10,838)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	163,166		111,908		6,974		(6,137)		275,911
Noninterest income	25,139		10,710		4,242		151		40,242
Noninterest expense	122,497		52,433		26,393		3,180		204,503
Operating income (loss)	$	65,808	$	70,185	$	(15,177)	$	(9,166)	$	111,650

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	155,517	$	73,952	$	2,440	$	267	$	232,176
Intersegment interest allocations	9,139		(8,873)		(266)		—		—
Total interest expense	25,368		—		—		5,678		31,046
Net interest income (expense)	139,288		65,079		2,174		(5,411)		201,130
Credit loss expense (benefit)	27,211		4,437		167		1,834		33,649
Net interest income after credit loss expense	112,077		60,642		2,007		(7,245)		167,481
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	9,758		—		—		—		9,758
Other noninterest income	22,512		5,524		74		131		28,241
Noninterest expense	113,047		37,695		8,954		3,080		162,776
Operating income (loss)	$	31,300	$	28,471	$	(6,873)	$	(10,194)	$	42,704

Total assets and gross loans below include intersegment loans, which eliminate in consolidation.


(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,686,761	$	1,559,378	$	242,446	$	975,939	$	(2,439,989)	$	6,024,535
Gross loans	$	4,390,659	$	1,479,989	$	127,039	$	700	$	(1,215,657)	$	4,782,730


(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,791,537	$	1,121,704	$	115,836	$	861,967	$	(1,955,253)	$	5,935,791
Gross loans	$	4,788,093	$	1,036,548	$	84,222	$	800	$	(912,887)	$	4,996,776

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ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section presents management’s perspective on our financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Company’s interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and other detailed information appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. To the extent that this discussion describes prior performance, the descriptions relate only to the periods listed, which may not be indicative of our future financial outcomes. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause results to differ materially from management’s expectations. See the “Forward-Looking Statements” section of this discussion for further information on forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a financial holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas and registered under the Bank Holding Company Act. As of September 30, 2021, we had consolidated total assets of $6.025 billion, total loans held for investment of $4.783 billion, total deposits of $4.823 billion and total stockholders’ equity of $820.7 million.

Through our wholly owned bank subsidiary, TBK Bank, we offer traditional banking services, commercial finance product lines focused on businesses that require specialized financial solutions and national lending product lines that further diversify our lending operations. Traditional banking offerings include a full suite of lending and deposit products and services. These activities are focused on our local market areas and some products are offered on a nationwide basis. They generate a stable source of core deposits and a diverse asset base to support our overall operations. Our commercial finance product lines generate attractive returns and include asset-based lending and equipment lending products offered on a nationwide basis. Additionally, we offer mortgage warehouse and liquid credit lending products on a nationwide basis to provide further asset base diversification and stable deposits.

Year to date, our aggregate outstanding balances for these banking products has decreased $700.3 million, or 18.1%, to $3.176 billion as of September 30, 2021. The following table sets forth our banking loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Banking
Commercial real estate	$	630,106	$	779,158
Construction, land development, land	171,814		219,647
1-4 family residential	127,073		157,147
Farmland	82,990		103,685
Commercial - General	289,242		340,850
Commercial - Paycheck Protection Program	87,413		189,857
Commercial - Agriculture	77,263		94,572
Commercial - Equipment	588,105		573,163
Commercial - Asset-based lending	213,927		180,488
Commercial - Liquid Credit	142,547		184,027
Consumer	12,677		15,838
Mortgage Warehouse	752,545		1,037,574
Total banking loans	$	3,175,702	$	3,876,006

Our Banking products and services share basic processes and have similar economic characteristics. Our factoring subsidiary, Triumph Business Capital, operates in a highly specialized niche and earns substantially higher yields on its factored accounts receivable portfolio than our other lending products. This business also has a legacy and structure as a standalone company. Our payments business, TriumphPay, is a division of TBK Bank and also operates in a highly specialized niche with unique processes and key performance indicators.

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We have determined our reportable segments are Banking, Factoring, Payments and Corporate. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our Banking segment generated 53% of our total revenue (comprised of interest and noninterest income), our Factoring segment generated 43% of our total revenue, our Payments segment generated 4% of our total revenue, and our Corporate segment generated less than 1% of our total revenue.

Third Quarter 2021 Overview

Net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $23.6 million, or $0.94 per diluted share, compared to net income to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2020 of $22.0 million, or $0.89 per diluted share. Excluding material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition related activities, including divestitures, adjusted net income to common stockholders was $22.6 million, or $0.91 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, our return on average common equity was 12.13% and our return on average assets was 1.61%.

Net income available to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $83.9 million, or $3.33 per diluted share, compared to net income available to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $31.0 million, or $1.27 per diluted share. Excluding material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition related activities, including divestitures, adjusted net income to common stockholders was $86.2 million, or $3.42 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $24.3 million, or $0.99 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our return on average common equity was 15.18% and our return on average assets was 1.91%.

At September 30, 2021, we had total assets of $6.025 billion, including gross loans of $4.783 billion, compared to $5.936 billion of total assets and $4.997 billion of gross loans at December 31, 2020. Total loans decreased $214.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our Banking loans, which constitute 66% of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 2021, decreased from $3.876 billion in aggregate as of December 31, 2020 to $3.176 billion as of September 30, 2021, a decrease of 18.1%. Our Factoring factored receivables, which constitute 31% of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 2021, increased from $1.037 billion in aggregate as of December 31, 2020 to $1.480 billion as of September 30, 2021, an increase of 42.8%. Our Payments factored receivables, which constitute 3.0% of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 2021, increased from $84.2 million in aggregate as of December 31, 2020 to $127.0 million as of September 30, 2021, an increase of 50.8%.

At September 30, 2021, we had total liabilities of $5.204 billion, including total deposits of $4.823 billion, compared to $5.209 billion of total liabilities and $4.717 billion of total deposits at December 31, 2020. Deposits increased $106.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

At September 30, 2021, we had total stockholders' equity of $820.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, total stockholders’ equity increased $93.9 million, primarily due to our net income during the period. Capital ratios remained strong with Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk weighted assets ratios of 11.06% and 13.69%, respectively, at September 30, 2021.

2021 Items of Note

HubTran, Inc.

On June 1, 2021, we, through TriumphPay, a division of our wholly-owned subsidiary TBK Bank, SSB, entered into a definitive agreement to acquire HubTran, Inc., a cloud-based provider of automation software for the trucking industry's back-office, for $97 million in cash subject to customary purchase price adjustments.

The acquisition of HubTran enables us to create a payments network that will allow freight brokers and factors to lower costs, remove inefficiencies, reduce fraud and add value for their stakeholders. TriumphPay already offered tools and services to increase automation, mitigate fraud, create back-office efficiency and improve the payment experience. Through the acquisition of HubTran, TriumphPay created additional value through the enhancement of its presentment, audit, and payment capabilities for shippers, third party logistics companies (i.e., freight brokers) and their carriers, and factors. The acquisition of HubTran was a meaningful inflection point in the operations of TriumphPay as the TriumphPay strategy has shifted from a capital-intensive on-balance sheet product with a focus on interest income to a payments network for the trucking industry with a focus on fee revenue. At the time of acquisition, HubTran brought integrations and in-process integrations with over 220 freight brokers and more than 50 factors.

For further information on the above transaction, see Note 2 – Business Combinations and Divestitures in the accompanying condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

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Misdirected Payments

As of September 30, 2021 we carry a separate $19.4 million receivable (the “Misdirected Payments”) payable by the United States Postal Service (“USPS”) arising from accounts factored to the largest over-formula advance carrier. This amount is separate from the acquired Over-Formula Advances. The amounts represented by this receivable were paid by the USPS directly to such customer in contravention of notices of assignment delivered to, and previously honored by, the USPS, which amount was then not remitted back to us by such customer as required. The USPS disputes their obligation to make such payment, citing purported deficiencies in the notices delivered to them. In addition to commencing litigation against such customer, we have commenced litigation against the USPS seeking a ruling that the USPS was obligated to make the payments represented by this receivable directly to us. During the third quarter of 2021 we, together with the USPS, entered into a stipulation of dismissal without prejudice for our initial action with respect to this matter in United States Federal District Court and filed a new action seeking recourse from the USPS in the United States Court of Federal Claims. Based on our legal analysis and discussions with our counsel advising us on this matter, we continue to believe it is probable that we will prevail in such action and that the USPS will have the capacity to make payment on such receivable. Consequently, we have not reserved for such balance as of September 30, 2021. The full amount of such receivable is reflected in non-performing and past due factored receivables as of September 30, 2021 in accordance with our policy. As of September 30, 2021, the entire $19.4 million Misdirected Payments amount was greater than 90 days past due.

2020 Items of Note

Transport Financial Solutions

On July 8, 2020, we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Advance Business Capital LLC (“ABC”), acquired the transportation factoring assets (the “TFS Acquisition”) of Transport Financial Solutions (“TFS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Covenant Logistics Group, Inc. ("CVLG"), in exchange for cash consideration of $108.4 million, 630,268 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at approximately $13.9 million, and contingent consideration of up to approximately $9.9 million to be paid in cash following the twelve-month period ending July 31, 2021.

Subsequent to the closing of the TFS Acquisition, the Company identified that approximately $62.2 million of the assets acquired at closing were advances against future payments to be made to three large clients (and their affiliated entities) of TFS pursuant to long-term contractual arrangements between the obligor on such contracts and such clients (and their affiliated entities) for services that had not yet been performed.

On September 23, 2020, the Company and ABC entered into an Account Management Agreement, Amendment to Purchase Agreement and Mutual Release (the “Agreement”) with CVLG and Covenant Transport Solutions, LLC a wholly owned subsidiary of CVLG (“CTS” and, together with CVLG, "Covenant"). Pursuant to the Agreement, the parties agreed to certain amendments to that certain Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “ARPA”), dated as of July 8, 2020, by and among ABC, as buyer, CTS, as seller, and the Company, as buyer indirect parent. Such amendments include:

•Return of the portion of the purchase price paid under the ARPA consisting of 630,268 shares of Company common stock, which will be accomplished through the sale of such shares by CVLG pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and the surrender of the cash proceeds of such sale (net of brokerage or underwriting fees and commissions) to the Company;

•Elimination of the earn-out consideration potentially payable to CTS under the ARPA; and

•Modification of the indemnity provisions under the ARPA to eliminate the existing indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties and to replace such with a newly established indemnification by Covenant in the event ABC incurs losses related to the $62.2 million in over-formula advances made to specified clients identified in the Agreement (the “Over-Formula Advance Portfolio”). Under the terms of the new indemnification arrangement, Covenant will be responsible for and will indemnify ABC for 100% of the first $30 million of any losses incurred by ABC related to the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio, and for 50% of the next $30 million of any losses incurred by ABC, for total indemnification by Covenant of $45 million.

Covenant’s indemnification obligations under the Agreement were secured by a pledge of equipment collateral by Covenant with an estimated net orderly liquidation value of $60 million (the “Equipment Collateral”). The Company’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, TBK Bank, SSB, provided Covenant with a $45 million line of credit, also secured by the Equipment Collateral, the proceeds of which may be drawn to satisfy Covenant’s indemnification obligations under the Agreement. During the first quarter of 2021, Covenant drew on the line of credit to fund its only $35.6 million indemnification payment thus far, but has since paid down that amount in its entirety. At September 30, 2021, Covenant had remaining availability of $9.4 million left on its TBK line of credit available to cover our indemnification balance up to of $5.0 million.

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Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Covenant have provided mutual releases to each other related to any and all claims related to the transactions contemplated by the ARPA or the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio. Also in connection the Agreement, Covenant agreed to dismiss, with prejudice, the declaratory judgment action filed in the 95th Judicial District Court of Dallas County, Texas (removed to the United States District Court, Northern District of Texas), related to the ARPA and the transactions contemplated.

Further discussion regarding activity related to the TFS Acquisition can be found below.

Triumph Premium Finance

On April 20, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell the assets (the “Disposal Group”) of Triumph Premium Finance (“TPF”) and exit our premium finance line of business. The decision to sell TPF was made during the three months ended March 31, 2020, and at March 31, 2020, the carrying amount of the Disposal Group was transferred to assets held for sale. The transaction closed on June 30, 2020, and the assets of the Disposal Group, consisting primarily of $84.5 million of premium finance loans, was sold for a gain on sale of $9.8 million.

For further information on the above transactions, see Note 2 – Business Combinations and Divestitures in the accompanying condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Preferred Stock Offering

On June 19, 2020, we issued 45,000 shares of 7.125% Series C Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share through an underwritten public offering of 1,800,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of the Series C Preferred Stock. Total gross proceeds from the preferred stock offering were $45.0 million. Net proceeds after underwriting discounts and offering expenses were $42.4 million. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

Stock Repurchase Program

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 871,319 shares into treasury stock under our stock repurchase program at an average price of $40.81, for a total of $35.6 million, effectively completing the $50.0 million stock repurchase program authorized by our board of directors on October 16, 2019. There were no shares repurchased during the remainder of fiscal year 2020.

Recent Developments: COVID-19 and the Legislative Action

Significant progress has been made to combat the outbreak of COVID-19; however, the global pandemic has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and could still impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. While employee availability has had no material impact on operations to date, a resurgence of COVID-19 has the potential to create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.

Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. The goal of the CARES Act was to curb the economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors through programs like the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") and Main Street Lending Program (“MSLP”). During December 2020, many provisions of the CARES Act were extended through the end of 2021. In addition to the general impact of COVID-19, certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts have had a material impact on the Company’s 2020 and 2021 operations and could continue to impact operations going forward.

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. While it appears that epidemiological and macroeconomic conditions are trending in a positive direction as of September 30, 2021, if there is a resurgence in the virus, the Company could experience further adverse effects on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-19, and any potential resulting measures to curtail its spread, will have on the Company’s future operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.

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Financial position and results of operations

Pertaining to our September 30, 2021 financial condition and year to date results of operations, improving conditions around COVID-19 had a material impact on our allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). We have not yet experienced material charge-offs related to COVID-19. Our ACL calculation, and resulting provision for credit losses, are significantly impacted by changes in forecasted economic conditions. Given that forecasted economic scenarios have brightened significantly since December 31, 2020, our required ACL decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Refer to our discussion of the ACL in Note 1 and Note 4 of our unaudited financial statements as well as further discussion later on in MD&A. Should economic conditions worsen as a result of a resurgence in the virus and resulting measures to curtail its spread, we could experience increases in our required ACL and record additional credit loss expense. The execution of the payment deferral program discussed in the following commentary assisted our ratio of past due loans to total loans as well other asset quality ratios at September 30, 2021. It is possible that our asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

The Company’s interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company continues to work with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees continue to accrue to income, through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, the related loans would be placed on nonaccrual status and interest income and fees accrued would be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. As of September 30, 2021, the Company carried $0.1 million of accrued interest income and fees on outstanding deferrals made to COVID-19 affected borrowers. This is down from $0.7 million of accrued interest income and fees on outstanding deferrals at December 31, 2020. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact on future deferrals to COVID-19 affected borrowers, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

As of September 30, 2021, all of our capital ratios, and our subsidiary bank’s capital ratios, were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While we believe that we have sufficient capital to withstand a double-dip economic recession brought about by a resurgence in COVID-19, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit loss expense. We rely on cash on hand as well as dividends from our subsidiary bank to service our debt. If our capital deteriorates such that our subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to us for an extended period of time, we may not be able to service our debt.

We maintain access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets have remained open to us, but rates for short term funding can be volatile. If an extended recession caused large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, we might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

COVID-19 has not affected our ability to account timely for the assets on our balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments have changed to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, we do not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with GAAP. As of September 30, 2021, our goodwill was not impaired and we did not have any impairment with respect to our intangible assets, premises and equipment or other long-lived assets.

Our processes, controls and business continuity plan

The Company’s preparedness efforts, coupled with quick and decisive plan implementation, has resulted in minimal impacts to operations as a result of COVID-19. At September 30, 2021, many of our employees continue to work remotely with no disruption to our operations. We have not incurred additional material cost related to our remote working strategy to date, nor do we anticipate incurring material cost in future periods.

As of September 30, 2021, we don’t anticipate significant challenges to our ability to maintain our systems and controls in light of the measures we have taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of our business continuity plans.

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Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act, the Company is executing a payment deferral program for its clients that are adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the client, the Company is deferring either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment for a stated period of time. The loans carried under this payment deferral program have decreased substantially since December 31, 2020, and as of September 30, 2021, the Company’s balance sheet reflected 3 of these deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $32.2 million. In accordance with the CARES Act and March 2020 interagency guidance, these short term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings. It is possible that these deferrals could be extended further under the CARES Act; however, the volume of these future potential extensions is unknown. It is also possible that in spite of our best efforts to assist our borrowers and achieve full collection of our investment, these deferred loans could result in future charge-offs with additional credit loss expense charged to earnings; however, the amount of any future charge-offs on deferred loans is unknown. At September 30, 2021, 94% of the $32.2 million COVID deferral balance was made up of one relationship.

With the passage of the PPP, administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company has actively participated in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans generally have a two-year or five-year term and earn interest at 1%. The Company believes that these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of September 30, 2021, the Company carried 815 PPP loans representing a book value of $87.4 million. The Company recognized $1.6 million and $4.5 million in fees from the SBA on PPP loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and carries $3.6 million of deferred fees on PPP loans at quarter end. The remaining fees will be amortized and recognized over the life of the associated loans or as the associated loans are forgiven. It is the Company’s understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish an allowance for credit loss through additional credit loss expense charged to earnings.

Credit

While all industries have and will continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of COVID-19 virus, we had exposures (on balance sheet loans and commitments to lend) in the following loan categories considered to be “at-risk” of significant impact as of September 30, 2021. The exposures reported below exclude fully guaranteed PPP loans.

Retail Lending:

The Company’s exposure to retail at September 30, 2021 equated to approximately $188.6 million, or 3.9% of total loans, summarized as follows:

•36% retail real estate

•28% new and used vehicle lending; mostly dealer floorplan

•17% grocery stores, pet stores, pharmacies, gas stations and convenience stores

•7% factoring

•12% other types of retail lending

At September 30, 2021 there were no retail loans in deferral through our CARES Act deferral program.

Office Lending:

The Company’s exposure to office lending at September 30, 2021 equated to approximately $180.4 million, or 3.8% of total loans, summarized as follows:

•85% non-owner occupied facilities.

•15% owner occupied facilities

•less than 1% construction development lending

At September 30, 2021 there were no office lending loans in deferral through our CARES Act deferral program.

Hospitality Lending:

The Company’s exposure to hospitality at September 30, 2021 equated to approximately $121.9 million, or 2.5% of total loans. These were mostly smaller loans purchased through our bank acquisitions and secured by hotels. At September 30, 2021 there were no hospitality loans in deferral through our CARES Act deferral program.

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Restaurants:

The Company’s exposure to restaurants at September 30, 2021 equated to approximately $31.3 million, or less than 1% of total loans. At September 30, 2021 there were no restaurant loans in deferral through our CARES Act deferral program.

Health Care and Senior Care Lending:

The Company’s exposure to health care and senior care at September 30, 2021 equated to $42.7 million, or less than 1% of total loans. At September 30, 2021 there were no health care and senior care loans in deferral through our CARES Act deferral program.

We continue to work with customers directly affected by COVID-19. We are prepared to offer assistance in accordance with regulator guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 virus, we continue to engage in communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing us to respond proactively as needs and issues arise.

Trucking transportation

The third quarter of 2021 featured a continuation of high spot market rates in all transportation modes; dry van, reefer and flat bed. The well-publicized difficulties in supply chain movements from port to warehouse have kept trucks utilized and demand at record levels. Ocean carriers and air freight also experienced record demand and at record price levels. Through August 2021, a record number of new motor carriers had received carrier authority. These are generally not new drivers to the market but previously employed company drivers who have begun operating on their own to take advantage of high rates. In addition there are owner operators that had been working under a lease arrangement with larger carriers, but became fully independent either voluntarily or after being terminated in part due to labor law regulation.

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Financial Highlights


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Income Statement Data:
Interest income	$	96,735		$	82,364		$	279,776		$	232,176
Interest expense	4,964			7,985			14,703			31,046
Net interest income	91,771			74,379			265,073			201,130
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(1,187)			(258)			(10,838)			33,649
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit)	92,958			74,637			275,911			167,481
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—			—			—			9,758
Other noninterest income	12,055			10,493			40,242			28,241
Noninterest income	12,055			10,493			40,242			37,999
Noninterest expense	72,813			55,297			204,503			162,776
Net income (loss) before income taxes	32,200			29,833			111,650			42,704
Income tax expense (benefit)	7,771			6,929			25,316			10,810
Net income (loss)	$	24,429		$	22,904		$	86,334		$	31,894
Dividends on preferred stock	(802)			(899)			(2,405)			(899)
Net income available (loss) to common stockholders	$	23,627		$	22,005		$	83,929		$	30,995

Per Share Data:
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.95		$	0.89		$	3.40		$	1.28
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.94		$	0.89		$	3.33		$	1.27
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	24,759,419			24,592,092			24,719,861			24,298,897
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	25,227,963			24,802,388			25,199,991			24,464,215

Adjusted Per Share Data(1):
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share	$	0.94		$	0.91		$	3.42		$	0.99
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	25,227,963			24,802,388			25,199,991			24,464,215

Performance ratios - Annualized:
Return on average assets	1.61		%	1.65		%	1.91		%	0.80		%
Return on average total equity	11.85		%	13.24		%	14.72		%	6.63		%
Return on average common equity	12.13		%	13.61		%	15.18		%	6.62		%
Return on average tangible common equity (1)	19.21		%	19.43		%	22.12		%	9.51		%
Yield on loans(2)	7.92		%	7.05		%	7.65		%	6.92		%
Cost of interest bearing deposits	0.27		%	0.79		%	0.33		%	1.07		%
Cost of total deposits	0.16		%	0.56		%	0.21		%	0.79		%
Cost of total funds	0.38		%	0.67		%	0.38		%	0.90		%
Net interest margin(2)	6.69		%	5.83		%	6.41		%	5.52		%
Efficiency ratio	70.13		%	65.15		%	66.98		%	68.07		%
Adjusted efficiency ratio (1)	70.13		%	64.18		%	66.00		%	70.61		%
Net noninterest expense to average assets	4.00		%	3.23		%	3.63		%	3.14		%
Adjusted net noninterest expense to average assets (1)	4.00		%	3.17		%	3.57		%	3.37		%

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	6,024,535		$	5,935,791
Cash and cash equivalents	532,764			314,393
Investment securities	175,927			236,055
Loans held for investment, net	4,741,713			4,901,037
Total liabilities	5,203,861			5,209,010
Noninterest bearing deposits	2,020,984			1,352,785
Interest bearing deposits	2,801,591			3,363,815
FHLB advances	30,000			105,000
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	97,554			191,860
Subordinated notes	106,755			87,509
Junior subordinated debentures	40,467			40,072
Total stockholders’ equity	820,674			726,781
Preferred stockholders' equity	45,000			45,000
Common stockholders' equity	775,674			681,781

Per Share Data:
Book value per share	$	30.87		$	27.42
Tangible book value per share (1)	$	19.73		$	19.78
Shares outstanding end of period	25,123,342			24,868,218

Asset Quality ratios(3):
Past due to total loans	2.31		%	3.22		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans	0.90		%	1.16		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.86		%	1.15		%
ACL to nonperforming loans	95.75		%	164.98		%
ACL to total loans	0.86		%	1.92		%
Net charge-offs to average loans(4)	0.94		%	0.10		%

Capital ratios:
Tier 1 capital to average assets	10.43		%	10.80		%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	11.06		%	10.60		%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	9.45		%	9.05		%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	13.69		%	13.03		%
Total stockholders' equity to total assets	13.62		%	12.24		%
Tangible common stockholders' equity ratio (1)	8.63		%	8.56		%

(1)The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such financial performance. The non-GAAP measures used by the Company include the following:

•“Adjusted diluted earnings per common share” is defined as adjusted net income available to common stockholders divided by adjusted weighted average diluted common shares outstanding. Excluded from net income available to common stockholders are material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition-related activities, including divestitures, net of tax. In our judgment, the adjustments made to net income available to common stockholders allow management and investors to better assess our performance in relation to our core net income by removing the volatility associated with certain acquisition-related items and other discrete items that are unrelated to our core business. Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding are adjusted as a result of changes in their dilutive properties given the gain and expense adjustments described herein.

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•“Adjusted efficiency ratio” is defined as noninterest expenses divided by our operating revenue, which is equal to net interest income plus noninterest income. Also excluded are material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition-related activities, including divestitures. In our judgment, the adjustments made to operating revenue allow management and investors to better assess our performance in relation to our core operating revenue by removing the volatility associated with certain acquisition-related items and other discrete items that are unrelated to our core business.

•“Adjusted net noninterest expense to average total assets” is defined as noninterest expenses net of noninterest income divided by total average assets. Excluded are material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition-related activities, including divestitures. This metric is used by our management to better assess our operating efficiency.

•"Tangible common stockholders' equity" is defined as common stockholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

•“Total tangible assets” is defined as total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets.

•“Tangible book value per share” is defined as tangible common stockholders’ equity divided by total common shares outstanding. This measure is important to investors interested in changes from period-to-period in book value per share exclusive of changes in intangible assets.

•“Tangible common stockholders’ equity ratio” is defined as the ratio of tangible common stockholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets. We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in relative changes from period-to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets.

•“Return on average tangible common equity” is defined as net income available to common stockholders divided by average tangible common stockholders’ equity.

(2)Performance ratios include discount accretion on purchased loans for the periods presented as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Loan discount accretion	$	1,953	$	4,104	$	7,615	$	8,377

(3)Asset quality ratios exclude loans held for sale, except for non-performing assets to total assets.

(4)Net charge-offs to average loans ratios are for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020.

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GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe the non-GAAP financial measures included above provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP; however, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. The following reconciliation table provides a more detailed analysis of the non-GAAP financial measures:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net income available to common stockholders	$	23,627		$	22,005		$	83,929		$	30,995
Transaction costs	—			827			2,992			827
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—			—			—			(9,758)
Tax effect of adjustments	—			(197)			(715)			2,254
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders	$	23,627		$	22,635		$	86,206		$	24,318
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	25,227,963			24,802,388			25,199,991			24,464,215
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share	$	0.94		$	0.91		$	3.42		$	0.99

Average total stockholders' equity	$	818,022		$	688,327		$	784,019		$	642,151
Average preferred stock liquidation preference	(45,000)			(45,000)			(45,000)			(17,080)
Average total common stockholders' equity	773,022			643,327			739,019			625,071
Average goodwill and other intangibles	(284,970)			(192,682)			(231,751)			(189,776)
Average tangible common equity	$	488,052		$	450,645		$	507,268		$	435,295

Net income available to common stockholders	$	23,627		$	22,005		$	83,929		$	30,995
Average tangible common equity	488,052			450,645			507,268			435,295
Return on average tangible common equity	19.21		%	19.43		%	22.12		%	9.51		%

Adjusted efficiency ratio:
Net interest income	$	91,771		$	74,379		$	265,073		$	201,130
Noninterest income	12,055			10,493			40,242			37,999
Operating revenue	103,826			84,872			305,315			239,129
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—			—			—			(9,758)
Adjusted operating revenue	$	103,826		$	84,872		$	305,315		$	229,371
Total noninterest expense	$	72,813		$	55,297		$	204,503		$	162,776
Transaction costs	—			(827)			(2,992)			(827)
Adjusted noninterest expense	$	72,813		$	54,470		$	201,511		$	161,949
Adjusted efficiency ratio	70.13		%	64.18		%	66.00		%	70.61		%

Adjusted net noninterest expense to average assets ratio:
Total noninterest expense	$	72,813		$	55,297		$	204,503		$	162,776
Transaction costs	—			(827)			(2,992)			(827)
Adjusted noninterest expense	72,813			54,470			201,511			161,949
Total noninterest income	12,055			10,493			40,242			37,999
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—			—			—			(9,758)
Adjusted noninterest income	12,055			10,493			40,242			28,241
Adjusted net noninterest expenses	$	60,758		$	43,977		$	161,269		$	133,708
Average total assets	6,020,631			5,518,708			6,042,677			5,304,903
Adjusted net noninterest expense to average assets ratio	4.00		%	3.17		%	3.57		%	3.37		%

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Total stockholders' equity	$	820,674		$	726,781
Preferred stock	(45,000)			(45,000)
Total common stockholders' equity	775,674			681,781
Goodwill and other intangibles	(280,055)			(189,922)
Tangible common stockholders' equity	$	495,619		$	491,859
Common shares outstanding	25,123,342			24,868,218
Tangible book value per share	$	19.73		$	19.78

Total assets at end of period	$	6,024,535		$	5,935,791
Goodwill and other intangibles	(280,055)			(189,922)
Tangible assets at period end	$	5,744,480		$	5,745,869
Tangible common stockholders' equity ratio	8.63		%	8.56		%

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with three months ended September 30, 2020.

Net Income

We earned net income of $24.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to net income of $22.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $1.5 million.

The results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were impacted by $0.8 million of transaction costs related to the TFS Acquisition reported as noninterest expense. Excluding the transaction costs, net of taxes, we earned adjusted net income to common stock holders of $22.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. There were no merger and acquisition related activities during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and net income to common stockholders for that period was $23.6 million representing an increase in adjusted net income to common stockholders of $1.0 million year over year. The adjusted increase was primarily the result of a $17.4 million increase in net interest income, a $0.9 million decrease in credit loss expense, and a $1.6 million increase in noninterest income offset by an $18.3 million increase in adjusted noninterest expense, a $0.5 million increase in adjusted income tax expense, and a $0.1 million decrease in dividends on preferred stock.

Details of the changes in the various components of net income are further discussed below.

Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on interest earning assets, including loans and securities, and interest expense incurred on interest bearing liabilities, including deposits and other borrowed funds. Interest rate fluctuations, as well as changes in the amount and type of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, combine to affect net interest income. Our net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, referred to as a “volume change.” It is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest earning assets and rates paid on interest bearing liabilities, referred to as a “rate change.”

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The following table presents the distribution of average assets, liabilities and equity, as well as interest income and fees earned on average interest earning assets and interest expense paid on average interest bearing liabilities:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance	Interest	Average Rate(4)		Average Balance	Interest	Average Rate(4)
Interest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	474,122	183	0.15	%	224,958	73	0.13	%
Taxable securities	154,017	948	2.44	%	259,470	1,674	2.57	%
Tax-exempt securities	27,839	178	2.54	%	39,847	253	2.53	%
FHLB and other restricted stock	7,956	28	1.40	%	22,121	122	2.19	%
Loans (1)	4,777,409	95,398	7.92	%	4,526,063	80,242	7.05	%
Total interest earning assets	5,441,343	96,735	7.05	%	5,072,459	82,364	6.46	%
Noninterest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	75,374				56,871
Other noninterest earning assets	503,914				389,378
Total assets	6,020,631				5,518,708
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	779,625	435	0.22	%	635,287	207	0.13	%
Individual retirement accounts	86,571	126	0.58	%	95,962	300	1.24	%
Money market	417,435	225	0.21	%	385,620	263	0.27	%
Savings	479,915	185	0.15	%	400,102	152	0.15	%
Certificates of deposit	595,001	725	0.48	%	905,075	3,782	1.66	%
Brokered time deposits	99,116	29	0.12	%	247,928	941	1.51	%
Other brokered deposits	441,446	223	0.20	%	251,701	189	0.30	%
Total interest bearing deposits	2,899,109	1,948	0.27	%	2,921,675	5,834	0.79	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	36,522	22	0.24	%	255,163	143	0.22	%
Subordinated notes	114,071	2,449	8.52	%	87,425	1,348	6.13	%
Junior subordinated debentures	40,390	443	4.35	%	39,874	462	4.61	%
Other borrowings	127,946	102	0.32	%	236,297	198	0.33	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	3,218,038	4,964	0.61	%	3,540,434	7,985	0.90	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities and equity:
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	1,912,398				1,213,494
Other liabilities	72,173				76,453
Total equity	818,022				688,327
Total liabilities and equity	6,020,631				5,518,708
Net interest income		91,771				74,379
Interest spread (2)			6.44	%			5.56	%
Net interest margin (3)			6.69	%			5.83	%

(1)Balance totals include respective nonaccrual assets.

(2)Net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets less the rate on interest bearing liabilities.

(3)Net interest margin is the ratio of net interest income to average interest earning assets.

(4)Ratios have been annualized.

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The following table presents loan yields earned on our loan portfolios:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021			2020
Average Banking loans	$	3,299,152		$	3,707,293
Average Factoring receivables	1,362,856			768,087
Average Payments receivables	115,401			50,683
Average total loans	$	4,777,409		$	4,526,063
Banking yield	5.40		%	5.23		%
Factoring yield	13.75		%	15.59		%
Payments Yield	11.33		%	10.68		%
Total loan yield	7.92		%	7.05		%

We earned net interest income of $91.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $74.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $17.4 million, or 23.4%, primarily driven by the following factors.

Interest income increased $14.4 million, or 17.4%, reflecting an increase in average interest earning assets of $368.9 million, or 7.3%, and an increase in average total loans of $251.3 million, or 5.6%. The average balance of our higher yielding Factoring factored receivables increased $594.8 million, or 77.4%, driving the majority of the increase in interest income along with a slight increase in average Payments factored receivables. This was partially offset by a decrease in average Banking loans of $408.1 million, or 11.0%. Interest income from our Banking loans is impacted by our lower yielding mortgage warehouse lending product. The average mortgage warehouse lending balance was $772.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $786.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Further, included in our Banking loans were PPP loans with a carrying amounts of $87.4 million and $223.2 million at September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. A component of interest income consists of discount accretion on acquired loan portfolios and acquired liquid credit. We recognized discount accretion on purchased loans of $2.0 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest expense decreased $3.0 million, or 37.8%, consistent with a decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities. More specifically, average total interest bearing deposits decreased $22.6 million, or 0.8%. Average noninterest bearing demand deposits grew $698.9 million. The decrease in interest expense was the result of lower average rates discussed below. The decrease in interest expense was partially offset by $0.8 million of remaining discount and deferred fees that were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of paying off our 2016 Subordinated Notes as discussed in Note 8 of the Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net interest margin increased to 6.69% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from 5.83% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of 86 basis points or 14.8%.

The increase in our net interest margin was impacted by an increase in our yield on interest earning assets of 59 basis points to 7.05% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily driven by higher yields on loans which increased 87 basis points to 7.92% for the same period. While Factoring yield decreased period over period, its average factored receivables as a percentage of the total loan portfolio increased significantly having a meaningful upward impact on total loan yield. Our transportation factoring balances, which generally generate a higher yield than our non-transportation factoring balances, increased as a percentage of the overall factoring portfolio to 91% at September 30, 2021 compared to 88% at September 30, 2020. Banking and Payments yields were relatively flat period over period and non-loan yields had little impact on our yield on interest earning assets.

The increase in our net interest margin was also impacted by a decrease in our average cost of interest bearing liabilities of 29 basis points. This decrease in average cost was caused by generally lower interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities driven by changes in interest rates in the macro economy.

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The following table shows the effects that changes in average balances (volume) and average interest rates (rate) had on the interest earned on our interest earning assets and the interest incurred on our interest bearing:


	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2021 vs. 2020
	Increase (Decrease) Due to:
(Dollars in thousands)	Rate		Volume		Net Increase
Interest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	14	$	96	$	110
Taxable securities	(77)		(649)		(726)
Tax-exempt securities	2		(77)		(75)
FHLB and other restricted stock	(45)		(49)		(94)
Loans	10,137		5,019		15,156
Total interest income	10,031		4,340		14,371
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand	147		81		228
Individual retirement accounts	(160)		(14)		(174)
Money market	(55)		17		(38)
Savings	2		31		33
Certificates of deposit	(2,679)		(378)		(3,057)
Brokered time deposits	(868)		(44)		(912)
Other brokered deposits	(62)		96		34
Total interest bearing deposits	(3,675)		(211)		(3,886)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	11		(132)		(121)
Subordinated notes	529		572		1,101
Junior subordinated debentures	(25)		6		(19)
Other borrowings	(10)		(86)		(96)
Total interest expense	(3,170)		149		(3,021)
Change in net interest income	$	13,201	$	4,191	$	17,392

Credit Loss Expense

Credit loss expense is the amount of expense that, based on our judgment, is required to maintain the allowances for credit losses (“ACL”) at an appropriate level under the current expected credit loss model. The determination of the amount of the allowance is complex and involves a high degree of judgment and subjectivity. Refer to Note 1 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K for detailed discussion regarding ACL methodologies for available for sale debt securities, held to maturity securities and loans held for investment.

The following table presents the major categories of credit loss expense:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Credit loss expense (benefit) on loans	$	(959)	$	(356)	$	(603)	(169.4)	%
Credit loss expense (benefit) on off balance sheet credit exposures	(238)		(8)		(230)		(2,875.0)	%
Credit loss expense (benefit) on held to maturity securities	10		106		(96)		(90.6)	%
Credit loss expense on available for sale securities	—		—		—		—
Total credit loss expense (benefit)	$	(1,187)	$	(258)	$	(929)	360.1	%

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For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities at each measurement date to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings via credit loss expense. At September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021, the Company determined that all impaired available for sale securities experienced a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis due to noncredit-related factors. Therefore, the Company carried no ACL at those respective dates and there was no credit loss expense recognized by the Company during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The same was true for the same period in the prior year.

The ACL on held to maturity ("HTM") securities is estimated at each measurement date on a collective basis by major security type. At September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021, the Company’s held to maturity securities consisted of three investments in the subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) funds. Expected credit losses for these securities are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology which considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. At September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021, the Company carried $7.2 million and $7.4 million of these HTM securities at amortized cost, respectively. The required ACL on these balances was $1.7 million at September 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021, respectively. The impact to credit loss expense was not material during the three months ended September 30, 2021. None of the overcollateralization triggers tied to the CLO securities were tripped as of September 30, 2021. Ultimately, the realized cash flows on CLO securities such as these will be driven by a variety of factors, including credit performance of the underlying loan portfolio, adjustments to the portfolio by the asset manager, and the timing of a potential call.

At June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, the Company carried $8.1 million of these HTM securities at amortized cost, respectively. The ACL on these balances was $1.9 million and $2.0 million at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively resulting in $0.1 million of credit loss expense recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Our ACL on loans was $41.0 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $95.7 million as of December 31, 2020, representing an ACL to total loans ratio of 0.86% and 1.92% respectively.

Our credit loss expense on loans decreased $0.6 million, or 169.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

The decreased credit loss expense was primarily driven by net new specific reserves on non-PCD assets. We recorded net new specific reserves of $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a release of net specific reserves of $1.4 million during the same period of the current year. The decreased credit loss expense was also due to projected improvement of the loss drivers that the Company forecasted over the reasonable and supportable forecast period to calculate expected losses at September 30, 2021 which resulted in a benefit to credit loss expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2020 the Company forecasted deterioration in the loss factors driven by the projected economic impact of COVID-19 which resulted in credit loss expense of $0.6 million. See further discussion in the allowance for credit loss section below.

Net charge-offs were $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and approximately $3.2 million of the gross charge-off balance had been reserved in a prior period. Net charge-offs were $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and approximately $0.8 million of the gross charge-off balance had been reserved in a prior period.

Changes in loan volume and mix partially offset the decrease in credit loss expense period over period. Changes in volume and mix resulted in credit loss expense of $0.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a benefit of $1.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

The Over-Formula Advances classified as factored receivables and deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") from Covenant did not have an impact on credit loss expense during the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the period, there were no material changes in the underlying credit quality of the remaining two Over-Formula Advance clients. As such, there were no charge-offs related to these balances and no adjustments were made to the corresponding ACL balances that would impact credit loss expense. At quarter end, our entire remaining over formula advance position was down from $62.1 million at December 31, 2020 to $10.1 million at September 30, 2021 and the $10.1 million balance at September 30, 2021 was fully reserved. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the ACL on PCD assets was established through purchase accounting with no impact to credit loss expense.

Credit loss expense for off balance sheet credit exposures decreased $0.2 million, primarily due to the changes in the assumptions used to project the loss rates previously discussed partially offset by increased outstanding commitments to fund period over period.

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Noninterest Income

The following table presents our major categories of noninterest income:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Service charges on deposits	$	2,030	$	1,470	$	560	38.1	%
Card income	2,144		2,091		53		2.5	%
Net OREO gains (losses) and valuation adjustments	(9)		(41)		32		78.0	%
Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities	4		3,109		(3,105)		(99.9)	%
Fee income	5,198		1,402		3,796		270.8	%
Insurance commissions	1,231		990		241		24.3	%
Other	1,457		1,472		(15)		(1.0)	%
Total noninterest income	$	12,055	$	10,493	$	1,562	14.9	%

Noninterest income increased $1.6 million, or 14.9%. Changes in selected components of noninterest income in the above table are discussed below.

•Service charges on deposits. Service charges on deposits increased $0.6 million consistent with increased average deposit balances subject to such fees period over period.

•Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities. Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities decreased $3.1 million due to decreased sales activity during the current period.

•Fee income. Fee income increased $3.8 million due to $2.9 million of payment fees earned by TriumphPay during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The fees were a result of the acquired operations of HubTran during the year. There were no other significant changes within the components of fee income.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents our major categories of noninterest expense:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	43,769	$	31,651	$	12,118	38.3	%
Occupancy, furniture and equipment	6,388		5,574		814		14.6	%
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments	353		360		(7)		(1.9)	%
Professional fees	2,362		3,265		(903)		(27.7)	%
Amortization of intangible assets	3,274		2,141		1,133		52.9	%
Advertising and promotion	1,403		1,105		298		27.0	%
Communications and technology	7,090		5,569		1,521		27.3	%
Travel and entertainment	1,352		314		1,038		330.6	%
Other	6,822		5,318		1,504		28.3	%
Total noninterest expense	$	72,813	$	55,297	$	17,516	31.7	%

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Noninterest expense increased $17.5 million, or 31.7%. Noninterest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by $0.8 million of transaction costs associated with the TFS acquisition. Excluding the TFS acquisition transaction costs, we incurred adjusted noninterest expense of $54.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, resulting in an adjusted increase in noninterest expense of $18.3 million, or 33.6%, period over period. Details of the more significant changes in the various components of noninterest expense are further discussed below.

•Salaries and Employee Benefits. Salaries and employee benefits expenses increased $12.1 million, or 38.3%, which is primarily due to merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, and 401(k) expense. The size of our workforce increased period over period due in part due to the acquisition of HubTran, but also organic growth within the Company. Our average full-time equivalent employees were 1,215.7 and 1,123.5 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Given improved 2021 performance compared to 2020, our bonus expense increased $2.6 million period over period. Further, sales commissions, primarily related to our operations at Triumph Business Capital and TriumphPay, increased $1.1 million and compensation paid to temporary contract labor increased $0.9 million period over period. Additionally, stock based compensation expense increased $3.1 million period over period.

•Occupancy, Furniture and Equipment. Occupancy, furniture and equipment expenses increased $0.8 million, or 14.6%, primarily due to growth in our operations period over period.

•Professional Fees. Professional fees decreased $0.9 million, or 27.7%, primarily due to the $0.8 million of transaction costs associated with the TFS acquisition recognized in the prior period.

•Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization of intangible assets increased $1.1 million, or 52.9%, primarily due to the additional intangibles recorded through the HubTran acquisition during the current year.

•Communication and Technology. Communication and technology increased $1.5 million, or 27.3%, primarily as a result as a result of increased spending on IT consulting to develop efficiency in our operations and improve the functionality of the TriumphPay platform period over period.

•Travel and Entertainment. Travel and entertainment expense increased $1.0 million, or 330.6%, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such activities during the prior year.

•Other. Other noninterest expense includes loan-related expenses, software amortization, training and recruiting, postage, insurance, and subscription services. Other noninterest expense increased $1.5 million, or 28.3%. There were no significant increases or decreases in the individual components of other noninterest expense period over period.

Income Taxes

The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amount of pre-tax income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the effect of changes in valuation allowances maintained against deferred tax benefits.

Income tax expense increased $0.9 million, from $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The effective tax rate was 24% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 23% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Operating Segment Results

Our reportable segments are Banking, Factoring, Payments, and Corporate, which have been determined based upon their business processes and economic characteristics. This determination also gave consideration to the structure and management of various product lines. The Banking segment includes the operations of TBK Bank. Our Banking segment derives its revenue principally from investments in interest earning assets as well as noninterest income typical for the banking industry. The Factoring segment includes the operations of Triumph Business Capital with revenue derived from factoring services. The Payments segment includes the operations of the TBK Bank's TriumphPay division, which provides a presentment, audit, and payment solution to shipper, freight broker, and factor clients in the trucking industry. The Payments segment derives its revenue from transaction fees and interest income on factored receivables related to invoice payments. These factored receivables consist of both invoices where we offer a carrier a QuickPay opportunity to receive payment at a discount in advance of the standard payment term for such invoice in exchange for the assignment of such invoice to us and from offering freight brokers the ability to settle their invoices with us on an extended term following our payment to their carriers as an additional liquidity option for such freight brokers.

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Reported segments and the financial information of the reported segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in future changes to previously reported segment financial data. The accounting policies of the segments are substantially the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 1 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. Transactions between segments consist primarily of borrowed funds. Intersegment interest expense is allocated to the Factoring and Payments segments based on Federal Home Loan Bank advance rates. Credit loss expense is allocated based on the segment’s ACL determination. Noninterest income and expense directly attributable to a segment are assigned accordingly. Taxes are paid on a consolidated basis and are not allocated for segment purposes. The Factoring segment includes only factoring originated by TBC.

The following tables present our primary operating results for our operating segments:


(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	46,175	$	47,222	$	3,295	$	43	$	96,735
Intersegment interest allocations	2,452		(2,341)		(111)		—		—
Total interest expense	2,073		—		—		2,891		4,964
Net interest income (expense)	46,554		44,881		3,184		(2,848)		91,771
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(2,399)		1,164		38		10		(1,187)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	48,953		43,717		3,146		(2,858)		92,958
Noninterest income	7,371		1,557		3,086		41		12,055
Noninterest expense	41,183		19,106		11,416		1,108		72,813
Operating income (loss)	$	15,141	$	26,168	$	(5,184)	$	(3,925)	$	32,200


(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	50,927	$	30,068	$	1,361	$	8	$	82,364
Intersegment interest allocations	3,459		(3,312)		(147)		—		—
Total interest expense	6,176		—		—		1,809		7,985
Net interest income (expense)	48,210		26,756		1,214		(1,801)		74,379
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(3,419)		3,053		2		106		(258)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	51,629		23,703		1,212		(1,907)		74,637
Other noninterest income	7,443		3,157		47		(154)		10,493
Noninterest expense	37,389		13,665		3,195		1,048		55,297
Operating income (loss)	$	21,683	$	13,195	$	(1,936)	$	(3,109)	$	29,833


(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,686,761	$	1,559,378	$	242,446	$	975,939	$	(2,439,989)	$	6,024,535
Gross loans	$	4,390,659	$	1,479,989	$	127,039	$	700	$	(1,215,657)	$	4,782,730

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,791,537	$	1,121,704	$	115,836	$	861,967	$	(1,955,253)	$	5,935,791
Gross loans	$	4,788,093	$	1,036,548	$	84,222	$	800	$	(912,887)	$	4,996,776

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Banking


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
Banking	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	46,175	$	50,927	$	(4,752)	(9.3)	%
Intersegment interest allocations	2,452		3,459		(1,007)		(29.1)	%
Total interest expense	2,073		6,176		(4,103)		(66.4)	%
Net interest income (expense)	46,554		48,210		(1,656)		(3.4)	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(2,399)		(3,419)		1,020		29.8	%
Net interest income after credit loss expense	48,953		51,629		(2,676)		(5.2)	%
Other noninterest income	7,371		7,443		(72)		(1.0)	%
Noninterest expense	41,183		37,389		3,794		10.1	%
Operating income (loss)	$	15,141	$	21,683	$	(6,542)	(30.2)	%

Our Banking segment’s operating income decreased $6.5 million, or 30.2%.

Total interest income decreased $4.8 million, or 9.3%, at our Banking segment primarily as a result of decreases in the majority of the balances of our interest earning assets, primarily loans. Average loans in our Banking segment, excluding intersegment loans, decreased 11.0% from $3.707 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $3.299 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in interest income was partially offset by a slight increase in yields on interest earning assets at our Banking segment.

Interest expense decreased consistent with a decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities including a decrease in average total interest bearing deposits period over period. This decrease was primarily caused by lower interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities driven by changes in interest rates in the macro economy.

Credit loss expense at our Banking segment is made up of credit loss expense related to loans and credit loss expense related to off balance sheet commitments to lend. Credit loss expense related to loans was a benefit to credit loss expense of $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a benefit to credit loss expense of $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decreased benefit to credit loss expense was primarily the result of changes in the volume and mix of our Banking loan portfolio which drove benefits to credit loss expense of $0.9 million and $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we released specific reserves of $1.4 million compared to no change in specific reserves for the same period during the prior year. Additionally, changes to projected loss drivers that the Company forecasted over the reasonable and supportable forecast period created a benefit to credit loss expense of $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to credit loss expense of $0.6 million during the same period of the prior year. Net charge-offs at our Banking segment were $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to no significant net charge-offs during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Gross charge-off balances during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 carried no reserves and $0.2 reserves, respectively.

Credit loss expense for off balance sheet credit exposures decreased $0.2 million from no meaningful charge during the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This is primarily due to the changes in the assumptions used to project the loss rates previously discussed partially offset by increased outstanding commitments to fund period over period.

Noninterest income at our Banking segment was relatively flat period over period with no significant fluctuations in any of its components. Noninterest expense increased primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense due to merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. Remaining fluctuations in the individual components of noninterest expense at our Banking segment were insignificant period over period.

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Factoring


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
Factoring	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	47,222	$	30,068	$	17,154	57.1	%
Intersegment interest allocations	(2,341)		(3,312)		971		29.3	%
Total interest expense	—		—		—		—
Net interest income (expense)	44,881		26,756		18,125		67.7	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,164		3,053		(1,889)		(61.9)	%
Net interest income (expense) after credit loss expense	43,717		23,703		20,014		84.4	%
Noninterest income	1,557		3,157		(1,600)		(50.7)	%
Noninterest expense	19,106		13,665		5,441		39.8	%
Operating income (loss)	$	26,168	$	13,195	$	12,973	98.3	%


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Factored receivable period end balance	$	1,479,989,000		$	953,434,000
Yield on average receivable balance	13.75		%	15.59		%
Current quarter charge-off rate	0.24		%	0.09		%
Factored receivables - transportation concentration	90		%	88		%

Interest income, including fees	$	47,222,000		$	30,068,000
Non-interest income(1)	1,557,000			1,157,000
Factored receivable total revenue	48,779,000			31,225,000
Average net funds employed	1,235,610,000			694,170,000
Yield on average net funds employed	15.66		%	17.89		%

Accounts receivable purchased	$	3,531,811,000		$	1,984,490,000
Number of invoices purchased	1,535,321			1,027,839
Average invoice size	$	2,300		$	1,931
Average invoice size - transportation	$	2,195		$	1,787
Average invoice size - non-transportation	$	4,944		$	5,181

Our Factoring segment’s operating income increased $13.0 million, or 98.3%.

Our average invoice size increased 19.1% from $1,931 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $2,300 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and the number of invoices purchased increased 49.4% period over period.

Overall average net funds employed (“NFE”) increased 78.0% during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in average NFE was the result of increased invoice purchase volume as well as increased average invoice size. Those, in turn, resulted from historically high freight volume in a reduced capacity market. See further discussion under the Recent Developments: COVID-19 and the CARES Act section. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by decreased purchase discount rates driven by greater focus on larger lower priced fleets and competitive pricing pressure; however, those negative factors were somewhat mitigated by increased concentration in transportation factoring balances, which typically generate a higher yield than our non-transportation factoring balances. This concentration was up 2% period over period from 88% at September 30, 2020 to 90% at September 30, 2021.

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The decrease in credit loss expense at our Factoring segment is primarily due to decreased growth in the underlying factored receivables. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the outstanding factored receivable balance at our Factoring segment grew $195.7 million compared to $425.1 million during the same period in the prior year. These changes in volume resulted in $1.0 million and $2.1 million of credit loss expense during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in credit loss expense was also due to net new specific reserves at our Factoring segment which were insignificant for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to net new specific reserves of $0.9 million for the same period a year ago. Net charge-offs at our Factoring segment were $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and the gross balance of said charge-offs carried $3.2 million of reserves established in a prior period. This compares to net charge-offs of $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 that carried $0.6 million of reserves established in a prior period.

The decrease in noninterest income at our Factoring segment was primarily driven by the recognition of $2.0 million of income during the three months ended September 30, 2020 resulting from an increase in the value of the receivable due from Covenant previously discussed. There were no other material fluctuations in noninterest income at our Factoring segment.

Noninterest expense increased primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense due to growth in the workforce, merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. Remaining fluctuations in the individual components of noninterest expense at our Factoring segment were insignificant period over period.

Payments


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
Payments	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	3,295	$	1,361	$	1,934	142.1	%
Intersegment interest allocations	(111)		(147)		36		24.5	%
Total interest expense	—		—		—		—	%
Net interest income (expense)	3,184		1,214		1,970		162.3	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	38		2		36		1800.0	%
Net interest income after credit loss expense	3,146		1,212		1,934		159.6	%
Noninterest income	3,086		47		3,039		6466.0	%
Noninterest expense	11,416		3,195		8,221		257.3	%
Operating income (loss)	$	(5,184)	$	(1,936)	$	(3,248)	(167.8)	%


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Factored receivable period end balance	$	127,039,000	$	62,903,000

Interest income	$	3,295,000	$	1,361,000
Noninterest income	3,086,000		47,000
Total revenue	$	6,381,000	$	1,408,000

Operating income (loss)	$	(5,184,000)	$	(1,936,000)
Interest expense	111,000		147,000
Depreciation and software amortization expense	77,000		63,000
Intangible amortization expense	1,490,000		—
Earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization	$	(3,506,000)	$	(1,726,000)
Transaction costs	$	—	$	—
Adjusted earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization(1)	$	(3,506,000)	$	(1,726,000)

Number of invoices processed	3,760,948		1,408,232
Amount of payments processed	$	4,191,424,000	$	1,221,305,000

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(1)Adjusted earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization excludes material gains and expenses related to merger and acquisition-related activities and is a non-GAAP financial measure used to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the segment's operational performance and to enhance investors' overall understanding of such financial performance by removing the volatility associated with certain acquisition-related items that are unrelated to our core business.

Our Payments segment's operating loss increased $3.2 million, or 167.8%.

The number of invoices processed by our Payments segment increased 167.1% from 1,408,232 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to 3,760,948 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and the amount of payments processed increased 243.2% from $1.221 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $4.191 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest income increased due to increased factoring activity at our Payments segment and increased yields period over period. Noninterest income increased almost entirely due to $2.9 million in Payments fees related to a full quarter of acquired HubTran operations during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Noninterest expense increased primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense driven by increased headcount, merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. We continue to invest heavily in the operations of TriumphPay.

The acquisition of HubTran during the three months ended June 30, 2021 allows TriumphPay to create a fully integrated payments network for trucking; servicing brokers and factors. TriumphPay already offered tools and services to increase automation, mitigate fraud, create back-office efficiency and improve the payment experience. Through the acquisition of HubTran, TriumphPay created additional value through the enhancement of its presentment, audit, and payment capabilities for shippers, third party logistics companies (i.e., freight brokers) and their carriers, and factors. The acquisition of HubTran was a meaningful inflection point in the operations of TriumphPay as the TriumphPay strategy has shifted from a capital-intensive on-balance sheet product with a focus on interest income to an open-loop payments network for the trucking industry with a focus on fee revenue. It is for this reason that management believes that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization and the adjustment to that metric enhance investors' overall understanding of the financial performance of the Payments segment. Further, as a result of the HubTran acquisition, management recorded $27.3 million of intangible assets that will lead to meaningful amounts of amortization going forward.

Corporate


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
Corporate	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	43	$	8	$	35	437.5	%
Intersegment interest allocations	—		—		—		—
Total interest expense	2,891		1,809		1,082		59.8	%
Net interest income (expense)	(2,848)		(1,801)		(1,047)		(58.1)	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	10		106		(96)		(90.6)	%
Net interest income (expense) after credit loss expense	(2,858)		(1,907)		(951)		(49.9)	%
Other noninterest income	41		(154)		195		126.6	%
Noninterest expense	1,108		1,048		60		5.7	%
Operating income (loss)	$	(3,925)	$	(3,109)	$	(816)	(26.2)	%

The Corporate segment reported an operating loss of $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to an operating loss of $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This was primarily due to increased interest expense. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, management issued a new subordinated debt facility and used the majority of the proceeds to redeem the 2016 subordinated debt facility in whole. The 2016 subordinated debt facility carried a discount and fees of $0.8 million at the time of payoff that was written off through interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2021. There were no other significant fluctuations in accounts in our Corporate segment period over period.

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Results of Operations

Nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with nine months ended September 30, 2020

Net Income

We earned net income of $86.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $31.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $54.4 million.

The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were impacted by $3.0 million of transaction costs associated with the HubTran acquisition reported as noninterest expense. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were impacted by the gain on sale of TPF of $9.8 million reported as noninterest income and transaction costs of $0.8 million associated with the TFS Acquisition reported as noninterest expense. Excluding the transaction costs, net of taxes, we earned adjusted net income to common stock holders of $86.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $24.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $61.9 million. The adjusted increase was primarily the result of a $63.9 million increase in net interest income, a $44.5 million decrease in credit loss expense, and a $12.0 million increase in adjusted noninterest income offset by a $39.6 million increase in adjusted noninterest expense, a $17.4 million increase in adjusted income tax expense, and a $1.5 million increase in dividends on preferred stock.

Details of the changes in the various components of net income are further discussed below.

Net Interest Income

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate(4)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate(4)
Interest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	508,279	$	467	0.12	%	$	209,621	$	640	0.41	%
Taxable securities	169,607		3,343		2.64	%	263,978		6,029		3.05	%
Tax-exempt securities	31,977		620		2.59	%	36,535		681		2.49	%
FHLB and other restricted stock	8,094		131		2.16	%	26,515		474		2.39	%
Loans (1)	4,812,985		275,215		7.65	%	4,327,919		224,352		6.92	%
Total interest earning assets	5,530,942		279,776		6.76	%	4,864,568		232,176		6.38	%
Noninterest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	81,419						58,942
Other noninterest earning assets	430,316						381,393
Total assets	$	6,042,677					$	5,304,903
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	746,590	$	1,288	0.23	%	$	617,392	$	838	0.18	%
Individual retirement accounts	88,579		455		0.69	%	99,827		1,061		1.42	%
Money market	404,651		670		0.22	%	408,487		1,657		0.54	%
Savings	465,041		530		0.15	%	382,236		419		0.15	%
Certificates of deposit	674,284		3,838		0.76	%	993,590		14,844		2.00	%
Brokered time deposits	134,781		259		0.26	%	297,829		4,085		1.83	%
Other brokered deposits	641,959		750		0.16	%	86,064		191		0.30	%
Total interest bearing deposits	3,155,885		7,790		0.33	%	2,885,425		23,095		1.07	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	37,234		67		0.24	%	430,250		1,959		0.61	%
Subordinated notes	96,495		5,148		7.13	%	87,372		4,016		6.14	%
Junior subordinated debentures	40,256		1,331		4.42	%	39,743		1,662		5.59	%
Other borrowings	146,005		367		0.34	%	125,756		314		0.33	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	3,475,875		14,703		0.57	%	3,568,546		31,046		1.16	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities and equity:
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	1,720,213						1,021,745
Other liabilities	62,570						72,461
Total equity	784,019						642,151
Total liabilities and equity	$	6,042,677					$	5,304,903
Net interest income			$	265,073					$	201,130
Interest spread (2)					6.19	%					5.22	%
Net interest margin (3)					6.41	%					5.52	%

(1)Balance totals include respective nonaccrual assets.

(2)Net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets less the rate on interest bearing liabilities.

(3)Net interest margin is the ratio of net interest income to average interest earning assets.

(4)Ratios have been annualized.

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The following table presents loan yields earned on our community banking and commercial finance loan portfolios:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021			2020
Average Banking loans	$	3,511,379		$	3,661,573
Average Factoring receivables	1,203,494			636,107
Average Payments receivables	98,112			30,239
Average total loans	$	4,812,985		$	4,327,919
Banking yield	5.31		%	5.38		%
Factoring yield	14.19		%	15.63		%
Payments Yield	10.82		%	10.78		%
Total loan yield	7.65		%	6.92		%

We earned net interest income of $265.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $201.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $64.0 million, or 31.8%, primarily driven by the following factors.

Interest income increased $47.6 million, or 20.5%, reflecting an increase in total average interest earning assets of $666.4 million, or 13.7%, and an increase in average total loans of $485.1 million, or 11.2%. The average balance of our higher yielding Factoring factored receivables increased $567.4 million, or 89.2%, driving the majority of the increase in interest income along with an increase in average Payments factored receivables. This was partially offset by a decrease in average Banking loans of $150.2 million, or 4.1%. Interest income from our Banking loans is impacted by our lower yielding mortgage warehouse lending product. The average mortgage warehouse lending balance was $827.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $672.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. A component of interest income consists of discount accretion on acquired loan portfolios. We recognized discount accretion on purchased loans of $7.6 million and $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest expense decreased $16.3 million, or 52.6%, and average interest bearing liabilities decreased $92.7 million, or 2.6%. While average total interest bearing deposits increased $270.5 million, or 9.4%, the increase in average balance was offset by lower average rates discussed below. The decrease in interest expense was partially offset by $0.8 million of remaining discount and deferred fees that were recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of paying off our 2016 Subordinated Notes as discussed in Note 8 of the Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net interest margin increased to 6.41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from 5.52% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of 89 basis points, or 16.1%.

Our net interest margin was impacted by an increase in yield on our interest earning assets of 38 basis points to 6.76% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily driven by higher yields on loans which increased 73 basis points to 7.65% for the same period. While Factoring yield decreased period over period, its average factored receivables as a percentage of the total loan portfolio increased significantly having a meaningful upward impact on total loan yield. Our transportation factoring balances, which generate a higher yield than our non-transportation factoring balances, increased as a percentage of the overall factoring portfolio to 91% at September 30, 2021 compared to 88% at September 30, 2020. Banking and Payments yields were relatively flat period over period and non-loan yields had little impact on our yield on interest earning assets.

The increase in our net interest margin was also impacted by a decrease in our average cost of interest bearing liabilities of 59 basis points. This decrease was caused by lower interest rates paid on our interest bearing liabilities driven by changes in interest rates in the macro economy.

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	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021 vs. 2020
	Increase (Decrease) Due to:				Net Increase
(Dollars in thousands)	Rate		Volume
Interest earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	(447)	$	274	$	(173)
Taxable securities	(826)		(1,860)		(2,686)
Tax-exempt securities	27		(88)		(61)
FHLB and other restricted stock	(45)		(298)		(343)
Loans	23,126		27,737		50,863
Total interest income	21,835		25,765		47,600
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand	227		223		450
Individual retirement accounts	(548)		(58)		(606)
Money market	(981)		(6)		(987)
Savings	17		94		111
Certificates of deposit	(9,189)		(1,817)		(11,006)
Brokered time deposits	(3,513)		(313)		(3,826)
Other brokered deposits	(90)		649		559
Total interest bearing deposits	(14,077)		(1,228)		(15,305)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(1,185)		(707)		(1,892)
Subordinated notes	645		487		1,132
Junior subordinated debentures	(348)		17		(331)
Other borrowings	2		51		53
Total interest expense	(14,963)		(1,380)		(16,343)
Change in net interest income	$	36,798	$	27,145	$	63,943

Credit Loss Expense

The following table presents the major categories of credit loss expense:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Credit loss expense on loans	$	(9,390)	$	27,974	$	(37,364)	(133.6)	%
Credit loss expense on off balance sheet credit exposures	(1,159)		3,840		(4,999)		(130.2)	%
Credit loss expense on held to maturity securities	(289)		1,835		(2,124)		(115.7)	%
Credit loss expense on available for sale securities	—		—		—		—
Total credit loss expense	$	(10,838)	$	33,649	$	(44,487)	(132.2)	%

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Upon and subsequent to adoption of ASC 326, for available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities at each measurement date to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings via credit loss expense. At December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021, the Company determined that all impaired available for sale securities experienced a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis due to noncredit-related factors. Therefore, the Company carried no ACL at those respective dates and there was no credit loss expense recognized by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The same was true for the same period in the prior year.

Upon and subsequent to adoption of ASC 326, the ACL on held to maturity securities is estimated at each measurement date on a collective basis by major security type. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s held to maturity securities consisted of three investments in the subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) funds. Expected credit losses for these securities are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology which considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company carried $7.2 million and $7.9 million of these HTM securities at amortized cost, respectively. The ACL on these balances was $1.7 million at September 30, 2021 and $2.0 million at December 31, 2020 and we recognized a benefit to credit loss expense of $0.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. None of the overcollateralization triggers tied to the CLO securities were tripped as of September 30, 2021. Ultimately, the realized cash flows on CLO securities such as these will be driven by a variety of factors, including credit performance of the underlying loan portfolio, adjustments to the portfolio by the asset manager, and the timing of a potential call.

At January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020, the Company carried $8.4 million and $8.1 million of these HTM securities at amortized cost, respectively. The ACL on these balances was $0.1 million at January 1, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, pandemic-related downgrades and default activity caused overcollateralization triggers to be tripped on two of the three CLO investments which had a material impact on expected cash flows used to calculate the ACL. The ACL on these balances was $2.0 million at September 30, 2020 resulting in $1.8 million of credit loss expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Our ACL on loans was $41.0 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $95.7 million as of December 31, 2020, representing an ACL to total loans ratio of 0.86% and 1.92% respectively.

Our credit loss expense on loans decreased $37.4 million, or 133.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The Over-Formula Advances classified as factored receivables and deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") from Covenant had an impact on credit loss expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During that time, new adverse developments with the largest of the three Over-Formula Advance clients caused us to charge-off the entire Over-Formula Advance amount due from that client. This resulted in a net charge-off of $41.3 million; however, this net charge-off had no impact on credit loss expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as the entire amount had been reserved in a prior period. In accordance with the Agreement reached with Covenant, Covenant reimbursed us for $35.6 million of this charge-off by drawing on its secured line of credit. As of September 30, 2021 the balance of Covenant's credit facility had been fully repaid. Given separate developments with the other two Over-Formula Advance clients, we reserved an additional $2.8 million reflected in credit loss expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. At quarter end, our entire remaining over formula advance position was down from $62.1 million at December 31, 2020 to $10.1 million at September 30, 2021 and that $10.1 million balance at September 30, 2021 was fully reserved. The $2.8 million increase in required ACL as well as accretion of most of the fair value discount on the indemnification asset held at December 31, 2020 resulted in a $4.7 million gain on the indemnification asset which was recorded through non-interest income during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The decreased credit loss expense was primarily the result of projected improvement of the loss drivers that the Company forecasted over the reasonable and supportable forecast period to calculate expected losses at September 30, 2021 which resulted in a benefit to credit loss expense of $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the Company forecasted deterioration in the loss factors driven by the projected economic impact of COVID-19 which resulted in credit loss expense of $23.3 million. See further discussion in the allowance for credit loss section below.

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The decrease in credit loss expense was further driven by changes in net new specific reserves. Including the aforementioned $2.8 million additional specific reserve on PCD assets, we recorded net new specific reserves of $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to net new specific reserves of $5.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Including the aforementioned PCD charge-off, net charge-offs were $45.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and approximately $45.2 million of the gross charge-offs had been reserved in a prior period. Net charge-offs were $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and approximately $1.6 million of that balance had been reserved in a prior period.

Changes in loan volume and mix partially offset the decrease in credit loss expense period over period. Changes in volume and mix resulted in a benefit to credit loss expense of $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a benefit of $2.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Credit loss expense for off balance sheet credit exposures decreased $5.0 million, primarily due to the changes in the assumptions used to project the loss rates previously discussed.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents our major categories of noninterest income:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Service charges on deposits	$	5,674	$	3,631	$	2,043	56.3	%
Card income	6,341		5,832		509		8.7	%
Net OREO gains (losses) and valuation adjustments	(376)		(399)		23		5.8	%
Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities	5		3,210		(3,205)		99.8	%
Fee income	11,917		4,392		7,525		171.3	%
Insurance commissions	3,989		2,905		1,084		37.3	%
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—		9,758		(9,758)		(100.0	%)
Other	12,692		8,670		4,022		46.4	%
Total noninterest income	$	40,242	$	37,999	$	2,243	5.9	%

Noninterest income increased $2.2 million, or 5.9%. Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by the realization of the $9.8 million gain associated with the sale of TPF in the second quarter of 2020. Excluding the gain on sale of TPF, we earned adjusted noninterest income of $28.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulting in an adjusted increase in noninterest income of $12.0 million, or 42.6%, period over period. Changes in selected components of noninterest income in the above table are discussed below.

•Service Charges on Deposits. Service charges on deposit accounts, including overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees, increased $2.0 million, or 56.3% consistent with increased average deposit balances subject to such fees period over period. Further, in keeping with guidance from regulators, we actively worked with COVID-19 affected customers during the second quarter of 2020 to waive fees from a variety of sources, such as, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees, account maintenance fees, etc. These reductions in fees were temporary and expired on June 1, 2020.

•Card income. Card income increased $0.5 million, or 8.7% primarily due to increased debit card activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities. Net gains (losses) on sale or call of securities decreased $3.2 million due to decreased sales activity during the current period.

•Fee income. Fee income increased $7.5 million, or 171.3% primarily due to $1.2 million of early termination fees charged to two customers during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We also recognized $3.9 million in Payments fees related to the acquired operations of HubTran during the same period. There were no other significant changes within the components of fee income.

•Insurance commissions. Insurance commissions increased $1.1 million, or 37.3%, due to higher policy volumes processed by Triumph Insurance Group.

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•Other. Other noninterest income increased $4.0 million, or 46.4% primarily due to a $4.2 million gain on the Company's indemnification asset during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We also recognized a $1.5 million recovery during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 on an acquired loan that was charged off prior to our acquisition of the originating bank. Additionally, during the current period, we recognized a $0.4 million increase in revenue from BOLI primarily related to a benefit payment. We recognized a gain on sale of liquid credit and mortgage loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 of $3.0 million compared to $1.9 million during the same period a year ago. These increases were partially offset by the recognition of $1.9 million of loan syndication fees related to the syndication and placement of one large relationship that closed during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This revenue was recognized at the time of closing as all required services had been completed and did not repeat during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, we recognized $2.0 million of income during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 driven by an increase in the value of the receivable due from Covenant resulting from the Agreement previously discussed. The increase was partially offset by a $0.7 million loss recognized on the donation of a branch to a local municipality during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were no other significant changes within the components of other income.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents our major categories of noninterest expense:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	121,407	$	93,177	$	28,230	30.3	%
Occupancy, furniture and equipment	18,279		15,720		2,559		16.3	%
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments	1,830		1,170		660		56.4	%
Professional fees	9,959		7,023		2,936		41.8	%
Amortization of intangible assets	7,677		6,265		1,412		22.5	%
Advertising and promotion	3,534		3,548		(14)		(0.4	%)
Communications and technology	19,018		16,514		2,504		15.2	%
Travel and entertainment	2,725		1,504		1,221		81.2	%
Other	20,074		17,855		2,219		12.4	%
Total noninterest expense	$	204,503	$	162,776	$	41,727	25.6	%

Noninterest expense increased $41.7 million, or 25.6%. Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was impacted by $3.0 million of transaction costs associated with the HubTran acquisition. Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by $0.8 million of transaction costs associated with the TFS Acquisition. Excluding the HubTran and TFS acquisition costs, we incurred adjusted noninterest expense of $201.5 million and $161.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, resulting in an adjusted increase in noninterest expense of $39.6 million, or 24.5%, period over period. Details of the more significant changes in the various components of noninterest expense are further discussed below.

•Salaries and Employee Benefits. Salaries and employee benefits expenses increased $28.2 million, or 30.3%, which is primarily due to merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, and 401(k) expense. The size of our workforce increased period over period in part due to the acquisition of HubTran as well as organic growth within the Company. Our average full-time equivalent employees were 1,181.8 and 1,122.6 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Given improved 2021 performance compared to 2020, our annual bonus accrual increased $6.5 million period over period. Further, sales commissions, primarily related to our operations at Triumph Business Capital and TriumphPay, increased $3.5 million and compensation paid to temporary contract labor increased $2.5 million period over period. Additionally, stock based compensation expense increased $5.7 million period over period.

•Occupancy, Furniture and Equipment. Occupancy, furniture and equipment expenses increased $2.6 million, or 16.3%, primarily due to growth in our operations period over period.

•FDIC Insurance and Other Regulatory Assessments. FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments increased $0.7 million, or 56.4%, primarily due to increased assessments period over period.

•Professional Fees. Professional fees increased $2.9 million, or 41.8%, primarily due to $3.0 million of transaction costs associated with the HubTran acquisition slightly offset by $0.8 million of transaction costs associated with the TFS acquisition.

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•Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets increased $1.4 million, or 22.5%, primarily due to the additional intangibles recorded through the HubTran acquisition during the current year.

•Communications and Technology. Communications and technology expenses increased $2.5 million, or 15.2%, primarily as a result of increased spending on IT consulting to develop efficiency in our operations and improve the functionality of the TriumphPay platform period over period.

•Travel and entertainment. Travel and entertainment expenses increased $1.2 million, or 81.2%, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such activities during the prior year.

•Other. Other noninterest expense increased $2.2 million or 12.4%. There were no significant increases or decreases in the individual components of other noninterest expense period over period.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense increased $14.5 million, or 134.2%, from $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $25.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The effective tax rate was 23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in the effective tax rate period over period is principally due to an adjustment to state taxes during the prior year.

Operating Segment Results

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The following tables present our primary operating results for our operating segments:


(Dollars in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	144,087	$	127,699	$	7,939	$	51	$	279,776
Intersegment interest allocations	8,117		(7,700)		(417)		—		—
Total interest expense	8,225		—		—		6,478		14,703
Net interest income (expense)	143,979		119,999		7,522		(6,427)		265,073
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(19,187)		8,091		548		(290)		(10,838)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	163,166		111,908		6,974		(6,137)		275,911
Noninterest income	25,139		10,710		4,242		151		40,242
Noninterest expense	122,497		52,433		26,393		3,180		204,503
Operating income (loss)	$	65,808	$	70,185	$	(15,177)	$	(9,166)	$	111,650


(Dollars in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Consolidated
Total interest income	$	155,517	$	73,952	$	2,440	$	267	$	232,176
Intersegment interest allocations	9,139		(8,873)		(266)		—		—
Total interest expense	25,368		—		—		5,678		31,046
Net interest income (expense)	139,288		65,079		2,174		(5,411)		201,130
Credit loss expense (benefit)	27,211		4,437		167		1,834		33,649
Net interest income after credit loss expense	112,077		60,642		2,007		(7,245)		167,481
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	9,758		—		—		—		9,758
Other noninterest income	22,512		5,524		74		131		28,241
Noninterest expense	113,047		37,695		8,954		3,080		162,776
Operating income (loss)	$	31,300	$	28,471	$	(6,873)	$	(10,194)	$	42,704


(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,686,761	$	1,559,378	$	242,446	$	975,939	$	(2,439,989)	$	6,024,535
Gross loans	$	4,390,659	$	1,479,989	$	127,039	$	700	$	(1,215,657)	$	4,782,730


(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020	Banking		Factoring		Payments		Corporate		Eliminations		Consolidated
Total assets	$	5,791,537	$	1,121,704	$	115,836	$	861,967	$	(1,955,253)	$	5,935,791
Gross loans	$	4,788,093	$	1,036,548	$	84,222	$	800	$	(912,887)	$	4,996,776

Banking


(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
Banking	2021		2020		$ Change
Total interest income	$	144,087	$	155,517	$	(11,430)	(7.3	%)
Intersegment interest allocations	8,117		9,139		(1,022)		(11.2	%)
Total interest expense	8,225		25,368		(17,143)		(67.6	%)
Net interest income	143,979		139,288		4,691		3.4	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(19,187)		27,211		(46,398)		(170.5	%)
Net interest income after credit loss expense	163,166		112,077		51,089		45.6	%
Gain on sale of subsidiary or division	—		9,758		(9,758)		(100.0	%)
Other noninterest income	25,139		22,512		2,627		11.7	%
Noninterest expense	122,497		113,047		9,450		8.4	%
Operating income (loss)	$	65,808	$	31,300	$	34,508	110.2	%

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Our Banking segment’s operating income increased $34.5 million, or 110.2%. Our Banking segment’s operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by the realization of the $9.8 million gain associated with the sale of TPF in the second quarter of 2020. Excluding the gain on sale of TPF, our Banking segment’s adjusted operating income was $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulting in an adjusted increase in operating income of $41.0 million period over period.

Total interest income decreased $11.4 million, or 7.3%, primarily as a result of decreases in the balances of our interest earning assets, primarily loans. Average loans in our Banking segment, excluding intersegment loans, decreased 4.1% from $3.662 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $3.511 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in interest income was also driven by a decrease in yields on interest earning assets.

Interest expense decreased period over period. While the average balance of interest bearing liabilities at our Banking segment decreased overall, average total interest bearing deposits increased $270.5 million, or 9.4%. The decrease in interest expense was the result of a decrease in our average cost of interest bearing liabilities driven by changes in interest rates in the macro economy.

Credit loss expense at our Banking segment is made up of credit loss expense related to loans and credit loss expense related to off balance sheet commitments to lend. Credit loss expense related to loans was a benefit to credit loss expense of $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to credit loss expense of $23.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decreased credit loss expense was primarily the result of projected improvement of the loss drivers that the Company forecasted over the reasonable and supportable forecast period to calculate expected losses at our Banking segment as of September 30, 2021 which resulted in a benefit to credit loss expense of $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the Company forecasted deterioration in the loss factors driven by the projected economic impact of COVID-19 which resulted in credit loss expense of $23.2 million at our Banking segment. The decrease in credit loss expense was further driven by the impact of specific reserve releases on our Banking segment loans. These releases created a $4.3 million benefit to credit loss expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $4.8 million of credit loss expense on net new specific reserves during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Net charge-offs at our Banking segment were insignificant during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to net charge-offs of $0.4 million during the same period a year ago. Said charge-offs carried a reserve balance of $0.2 million established during a prior period. Changes in loan volume and mix at our Banking segment partially offset the decrease in credit loss expense as these factors created a $3.3 million benefit to credit loss expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a $5.0 million benefit during the same period of the prior year.

Credit loss expense for off balance sheet credit exposures decreased $5.0 million from $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to a benefit of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the changes in the assumptions used to project the loss rates previously discussed.

Noninterest income at our Banking segment increased due to a $2.0 million increase in service charges on deposits consistent with increased average deposit balances subject to such fees period over period. Further, in keeping with guidance from regulators, we actively worked with COVID-19 affected customers during the second quarter of 2020 to waive fees from a variety of sources, such as, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees, account maintenance fees, etc. These reductions in fees were temporary and expired on June 1, 2020. Additionally card income at our Banking segment increased $0.5 million primarily due to increased debit card activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Further, insurance commissions at our Banking segment increased $1.1 million due to higher policy volumes processed by Triumph Insurance group. The Banking segment also recognized a $1.5 million recovery during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 on an acquired loan that was charged off prior to our acquisition of the originating bank. Additionally, during the current period, we recognized a $0.4 million increase in revenue from BOLI primarily related to a benefit payment. We also recognized a gain on sale of liquid credit and mortgage loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 of $3.0 million compared to a gain of $1.9 million during the same period a year ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in net gains on sale or call of securities of $3.2 million period over period. Additionally offsetting the increase was the recognition of $1.9 million of loan syndication fees related to the syndication and placement of one large relationship that closed during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and did not repeat during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We also recognized a $0.7 million loss on the donation of a branch to a local municipality during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were no other significant changes within the components of other noninterest income.

Noninterest expense increased primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense due to merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. Remaining fluctuations in the individual components of noninterest expense at our Banking segment were insignificant period over period.

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Factoring


(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Factoring	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	127,699	$	73,952	$	53,747	72.7	%
Intersegment interest allocations	(7,700)		(8,873)		1,173		13.2	%
Total interest expense	—		—		—		—
Net interest income	119,999		65,079		54,920		84.4	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	8,091		4,437		3,654		82.4	%
Net interest income after credit loss expense	111,908		60,642		51,266		84.5	%
Noninterest income	10,710		5,524		5,186		93.9	%
Noninterest expense	52,433		37,695		14,738		39.1	%
Operating income (loss)	$	70,185	$	28,471	$	41,714	146.5	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Factored receivable period end balance	$	1,479,989,000		$	953,434,000
Yield on average receivable balance	14.19		%	15.63		%
Year to date charge-off rate(1)	3.76		%	0.45		%
Factored receivables - transportation concentration	90		%	88		%

Interest income, including fees	$	127,699,000		$	73,952,000
Non-interest income(2)	6,056,000			3,524,000
Factored receivable total revenue	133,755,000			77,476,000
Average net funds employed	1,082,610,000			569,928,000
Yield on average net funds employed	16.52		%	18.16		%

Accounts receivable purchased	$	9,092,541,000		$	4,673,573,000
Number of invoices purchased	4,125,694			2,719,508
Average invoice size	$	2,204		$	1,719
Average invoice size - transportation	$	2,096		$	1,567
Average invoice size - non-transportation	$	4,812		$	4,527

(1) Net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes a $45.3 million charge-off related to the TFS acquisition, which contributed approximately 3.43% to the net charge-off rate for the period.

(2) Non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 excludes $4.7 million of income recognized on our indemnification asset resulting from the amended TFS acquisition agreement.

Our Factoring segment’s operating income increased $41.7 million, or 146.5%.

Our average invoice size increased 28.2% from $1,719 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $2,204 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the number of invoices purchased increased 51.7% period over period.

Net interest income at our Factoring segment increased period over period. Overall average net funds employed (“NFE”) increased 90.0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in average NFE was the result of increased invoice purchase volume as well as increased average invoice size. Those, in turn, resulted from historically high freight volume in a reduced capacity market. See further discussion under the Recent Developments: COVID-19 and the CARES Act section. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by decreased purchase discount rates driven by greater focus on larger lower priced fleets and competitive pricing pressure; however, those negative factors were somewhat mitigated by increased concentration in transportation factoring balances, which typically generate a higher yield than our non-transportation factoring balances. This concentration was up 2% period over period from 88% at September 30, 2020 to 90% at September 30, 2021.

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The increase in credit loss expense was primarily due to the $2.8 million increase in required reserves on acquired Over-Formula advances as previously explained in the Credit Loss Expense discussion. Including the additional specific reserves attributable to the acquired Over-Formula Advances, net new specific reserves at our Factoring segment increased $1.5 million period over period. Growth in the underlying factored receivable portfolio at our Factoring segment resulted in $2.6 million and $2.1 million of credit loss expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net charge-offs at our factoring segment were $45.2 million consisting mostly of the aforementioned $41.3 million charge-off of the Over-Formula Advance balance associated with the largest over-advanced client which contributed 3.43% to the current period charge-off rate in the table above. A reserve of $41.5 million on the gross charge-offs was established in a prior period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net charge-offs at our factoring segment were $2.9 million of which $0.7 million was reserved in a prior period. Changes in loss assumptions did not have a meaningful impact on credit loss expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020.

The increase in noninterest income at our Factoring segment was primarily due to a $4.2 million gain on the Company's indemnification asset during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, we recognized $1.2 million early termination fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. These increases were partially offset by the recognition of $2.0 million of income during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 driven by an increase in the value of the receivable due from Covenant resulting from the Agreement previously discussed. There were no other material fluctuations in noninterest income at our Factoring segment.

Noninterest expense increased primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense due to merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. Remaining fluctuations in the individual components of noninterest expense at our Factoring segment were insignificant period over period.

Payments


(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Payments	2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Total interest income	$	7,939	$	2,440	$	5,499	225.4	%
Intersegment interest allocations	(417)		(266)		(151)		(56.8)	%
Total interest expense	—		—		—		—	%
Net interest income	7,522		2,174		5,348		246.0	%
Credit loss expense (benefit)	548		167		381		228.1	%
Net interest income after credit loss expense	6,974		2,007		4,967		247.5	%
Noninterest income	4,242		74		4,168		5632.4	%
Noninterest expense	26,393		8,954		17,439		194.8	%
Operating income (loss)	$	(15,177)	$	(6,873)	$	(8,304)	(120.8)	%

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	Nine Months Ended
	2021		2020
Factored receivable period end balance	$	127,039,000	$	62,903,000

Interest income	$	7,939,000	$	2,440,000
Noninterest income	4,242,000		74,000
Total revenue	$	12,181,000	$	2,514,000

Operating income (loss)	$	(15,177,000)	$	(6,873,000)
Interest expense	417,000		266,000
Depreciation and software amortization expense	210,000		186,000
Intangible amortization expense	1,987,000		—
Earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization	$	(12,563,000)	$	(6,421,000)
Transaction costs	$	2,992,000	$	—
Adjusted earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization(1)	$	(9,571,000)	$	(6,421,000)

Number of invoices processed	9,455,740		2,679,662
Amount of payments processed	$	9,919,864,000	$	2,419,500,000

Our Payments segment's operating loss increased $8.3 million, or 120.8%.

The number of invoices processed by our Payments segment increased 252.9% from 2,679,662 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to 9,455,740 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and the amount of payments processed increased 310.0% from $2.420 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $9.920 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest income increased due to increased factoring activity at our Payments segment and increased yields period over period. Noninterest income increased primarily due to $3.9 million in Payments fees related to the acquired HubTran operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Noninterest expense increased primarily due to $3.0 million of transaction costs related to the acquisition of HubTran and an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense driven by merit increases for existing employees, higher health insurance benefit costs, incentive compensation, stock based compensation and 401(k) expense. Our average full-time equivalent employees at our Payments segment were 87.1 and 40.8 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We continue to invest heavily in the operations of TriumphPay.

The acquisition of HubTran during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 allows TriumphPay to create a fully integrated payments network for transportation; servicing brokers and factors. TriumphPay already offered tools and services to increase automation, mitigate fraud, create back-office efficiency and improve the payment experience. Through the acquisition of HubTran, TriumphPay created additional value through the enhancement of its presentment, audit, and payment capabilities for shippers, third party logistics companies (i.e., freight brokers) and their carriers, and factors. The acquisition of HubTran was a meaningful inflection point in the operations of TriumphPay as the TriumphPay strategy has shifted from a capital-intensive on-balance sheet product with a focus on interest income to an open-loop payments network for the trucking industry with a focus on fee revenue. It is for this reason that management believes that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization and the adjustment to that metric enhance investors' overall understanding of the financial performance of the Payments segment. Further, as a result of the HubTran acquisition, management recorded $27.3 million of intangible assets that will lead to meaningful amounts of amortization going forward.

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Corporate


(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
Corporate	2021		2020		$ Change
Total interest income	$	51	$	267	$	(216)	(80.9	%)
Intersegment interest allocations	—		—		—		—
Total interest expense	6,478		5,678		800		14.1	%
Net interest income (expense)	(6,427)		(5,411)		(1,016)		(18.8	%)
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(290)		1,834		(2,124)		(115.8	%)
Net interest income (expense) after credit loss expense	(6,137)		(7,245)		1,108		15.3	%
Noninterest income	151		131		20		15.3	%
Noninterest expense	3,180		3,080		100		3.2	%
Operating income (loss)	$	(9,166)	$	(10,194)	$	1,028	10.1	%

The Corporate segment reported an operating loss of $9.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to an operating loss of $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This was primarily due to decreased credit loss expense on our HTM CLOs previously discussed in the Credit Loss Expense section. Operating income during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was also impacted by increased credit loss expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, management issued a new subordinated debt facility and used the majority of the proceeds to redeem the 2016 subordinated debt facility in whole. The 2016 subordinated debt facility carried a discount and fees of $0.8 million at the time of payoff that was written off through interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were no other significant fluctuations in accounts in our Corporate segment period over period.

Financial Condition

Assets

Total assets were $6.025 billion at September 30, 2021, compared to $5.936 billion at December 31, 2020, an increase of $88.7 million, the components of which are discussed below.

Loan Portfolio

Loans held for investment were $4.783 billion at September 30, 2021, compared with $4.997 billion at December 31, 2020.

The following table shows our total loan portfolio by portfolio segments:


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020				$ Change		% Change
(Dollars in thousands)			% of Total				% of Total
Commercial real estate	$	630,106	13	%	$	779,158	16	%	$	(149,052)	(19.1	%)
Construction, land development, land	171,814		4	%	219,647		4	%	(47,833)		(21.8	%)
1-4 family residential	127,073		3	%	157,147		3	%	(30,074)		(19.1	%)
Farmland	82,990		2	%	103,685		2	%	(20,695)		(20.0	%)
Commercial	1,398,497		29	%	1,562,957		32	%	(164,460)		(10.5	%)
Factored receivables	1,607,028		33	%	1,120,770		22	%	486,258		43.4	%
Consumer	12,677		—	%	15,838		—	%	(3,161)		(20.0	%)
Mortgage warehouse	752,545		16	%	1,037,574		21	%	(285,029)		(27.5	%)
Total Loans	$	4,782,730	100	%	$	4,996,776	100	%	$	(214,046)	(4.3	%)

Commercial Real Estate Loans. Our commercial real estate loans decreased $149.1 million, or 19.1%, due to paydowns for the period that outpaced new loan origination activity.

Construction and Development Loans. Our construction and development loans decreased $47.8 million, or 21.8%, due primarily to paydowns and conversions to term loans that were offset by modest origination and draw activity.

Residential Real Estate Loans. Our one-to-four family residential loans decreased $30.1 million, or 19.1%, due primarily to paydowns that were offset by modest origination and draw activity.

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Farmland Loans. Our farmland loans decreased $20.7 million, or 20.0%, due to paydowns for the period that outpaced new loan origination activity.

Commercial Loans. Our commercial loans held for investment decreased $164.5 million, or 10.5%, due to decreases in liquid credit, PPP, agriculture and other commercial loans. The decline in commercial loans was offset by increases in equipment finance and asset-based lending. Our other commercial lending products, comprised primarily of general commercial loans originated in our community banking markets, decreased $51.6 million, or 15.1%.

The following table shows our commercial loans:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		$ Change		% Change
Commercial
Equipment	$	588,105	$	573,163	$	14,942	2.6	%
Asset-based lending	213,927		180,488		33,439		18.5	%
Liquid credit	142,547		184,027		(41,480)		(22.5	%)
Paycheck Protection Program loans	87,413		189,857		(102,444)		(54.0	%)
Agriculture	77,263		94,572		(17,309)		(18.3	%)
Other commercial lending	289,242		340,850		(51,608)		(15.1	%)
Total commercial loans	$	1,398,497	$	1,562,957	$	(164,460)	(10.5	%)

Factored Receivables. Our factored receivables increased $486.3 million, or 43.4%. At September 30, 2021, the balance of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio included in factored receivables was $10.1 million. At September 30, 2021, the balance of Misdirected Payments included in factored receivables was $19.4 million. See discussion of our factoring subsidiary in the Operating Segment Results for analysis of the key drivers impacting the change in the ending factored receivables balance during the period.

Consumer Loans. Our consumer loans decreased $3.2 million, or 20.0%, due to paydowns in excess of new loan origination activity during the period.

Mortgage Warehouse. Our mortgage warehouse facilities decreased $285.0 million, or 27.5%, due to decreased utilization. Client utilization of mortgage warehouse facilities may experience significant fluctuation on a day-to-day basis given mortgage origination market conditions. Our average mortgage warehouse lending balance was $772.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $786.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $827.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $672.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The following tables set forth the contractual maturities, including scheduled principal repayments, of our loan portfolio and the distribution between fixed and floating interest rate loans:


	September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	One Year or Less		After One but within Five Years		After Five Years		Total
Commercial real estate	$	131,874	$	368,071	$	130,161	$	630,106
Construction, land development, land	99,602		59,587		12,625		171,814
1-4 family residential	9,988		37,034		80,051		127,073
Farmland	10,578		26,778		45,634		82,990
Commercial	311,838		997,252		89,407		1,398,497
Factored receivables	1,607,028		—		—		1,607,028
Consumer	2,605		7,137		2,935		12,677
Mortgage warehouse	752,545		—		—		752,545
	$	2,926,058	$	1,495,859	$	360,813	$	4,782,730

Sensitivity of loans to changes in interest rates:
Predetermined (fixed) interest rates			$	1,034,447	$	66,962
Floating interest rates			461,412		293,851
Total			$	1,495,859	$	360,813

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As of September 30, 2021, most of the Company’s non-factoring business activity is with customers located within certain states. The states of Colorado (16%), Texas (20%), Illinois (14%), and Iowa (6%) make up 56% of the Company’s gross loans, excluding factored receivables. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk is affected by changes in the economies in these states. At December 31, 2020, the states of Colorado (17%), Texas (22%), Illinois (12%) and Iowa (6%) made up 57% of the Company’s gross loans, excluding factored receivables.

Further, a majority (91%) of our factored receivables, representing approximately 31% of our total loan portfolio as of September 30, 2021, are receivables purchased from trucking fleets, owner-operators, and freight brokers in the transportation industry. Although such concentration may cause our future interest income with respect to our factoring operations to be correlated with demand for the transportation industry in the United States generally, and small-to-mid-sized operators in such industry specifically, we feel that the credit risk with respect to our outstanding portfolio is appropriately mitigated as we limit the amount of receivables acquired from individual debtors and creditors thereby achieving diversification across a number of companies and industries. At December 31, 2020, 90% of our factored receivables, representing approximately 20% of our total loan portfolio, were receivables purchased from trucking fleets, owner-operators, and freight brokers in the transportation industry.

Nonperforming Assets

We have established procedures to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. In addition, we have adopted underwriting guidelines to be followed by our lending officers and require senior management review of proposed extensions of credit exceeding certain thresholds. When delinquencies exist, we monitor them for any negative or adverse trends. Our loan review procedures include approval of lending policies and underwriting guidelines by the board of directors of our bank subsidiary, independent loan review, approval of large credit relationships by our bank subsidiary’s Management Loan Committee and loan quality documentation procedures. We, like other financial institutions, are subject to the risk that our loan portfolio will be subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

The following table sets forth the allocation of our nonperforming assets among our different asset categories as of the dates indicated. We classify nonperforming assets as nonaccrual loans and securities, loans modified under restructurings as a result of the borrower experiencing financial difficulties (“TDR”), factored receivables greater than 90 days past due, OREO, and other repossessed assets. Additionally, we consider the portion of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio that is not covered by Covenant's indemnification to be nonperforming (reflected in nonperforming loans - factored receivables). The balances of nonperforming loans reflect the recorded investment in these assets, including deductions for purchase discounts.


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Nonperforming loans:
Commercial real estate	$	2,113		$	9,945
Construction, land development, land	986			2,294
1-4 family residential	1,312			1,851
Farmland	2,046			2,531
Commercial	7,844			17,202
Factored receivables	28,287			23,956
Consumer	251			253
Mortgage warehouse	—			—
Total nonperforming loans	42,839			58,032
Held to maturity securities	5,810			7,945
Other real estate owned, net	893			1,432
Other repossessed assets	2,444			1,069
Total nonperforming assets	$	51,986		$	68,478

Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.86		%	1.15		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment	0.90		%	1.16		%
Total past due loans to total loans held for investment	2.31		%	3.22		%

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Nonperforming loans decreased $15.2 million, or 26.2%, primarily due to the payoff of a $5.7 million nonperforming commercial real estate loan, the payoff of $5.0 million nonperforming general commercial loan, the payoff of a $2.3 million nonperforming commercial relationship, and the payoff of a $1.0 million nonperforming construction loan during the year. Additionally, the portion of the Over-Formula Advances not covered by Covenant's indemnification decreased by $8.6 million from $10.0 million at December 31, 2020 to $1.4 million at September 30, 2021 primarily as a result of the aforementioned charge-off activity. These decreases were partially offset by $13.3 million of the total $19.4 million of Misdirected Payments amount at September 30, 2021 moving to greater than 90 days past due during the year. The entire $19.4 million amount is now included in nonperforming loans (specifically, factored receivables) in accordance with our policy. The remaining activity in nonperforming loans was also impacted by additions and removals of smaller credits to and from nonperforming loans.

OREO decreased $0.5 million, or 37.6%, due to the removal of individually insignificant OREO properties as well as insignificant valuation adjustments made throughout the period.

As a result of the activity previously described and changes in our period end total loans held for investment, the ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment decreased to 0.90% at September 30, 2021 from 1.16% December 31, 2020.

Our ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets decreased to 0.86% at September 30, 2021 from 1.15% December 31, 2020. This is due to the aforementioned loan activity and changes in our period end total assets. Additionally, the amortized cost basis of our HTM CLO securities considered to be nonaccrual decreased $2.1 million during the year.

Past due loans to total loans held for investment decreased to 2.31% at September 30, 2021 from 3.22% at December 31, 2020, as a result of above activity. Additionally, past due loans associated with the acquired Over-Formula Advances decreased $52.1 million during the year primarily as a result of the aforementioned charge-off activity. The remaining $10.1 million acquired Over-Formula Advance balance is considered greater than 90 days past due at September 30, 2021. Aging of the Over-Formula Advances is based upon the service month on which the advances were made by TFS prior to acquisition.

Potential problem loans consist of loans that are performing in accordance with contractual terms but for which management has concerns about the ability of an obligor to continue to comply with repayment terms because of the obligor’s potential operating or financial difficulties. Management monitors these loans and reviews their performance on a regular basis. Potential problem loans contain potential weaknesses that could improve, persist or further deteriorate. At September 30, 2021, we had $18.1 million in loans of this type which are not included in any of the nonperforming loan categories. Refer to previous discussion of loans currently in deferral in accordance with the CARES Act and March 2020 interagency guidance.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The ACL is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with US GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received. See Note 1 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K and notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for discussion of our ACL methodology on loans. Allocations of the ACL may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in the Company’s judgment, should be charged-off.

Loan loss valuation allowances are recorded on specific at-risk balances, typically consisting of collateral dependent loans and factored invoices greater than 90 days past due with negative cash reserves.

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The following table sets forth the ACL by category of loan:


	September 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Allocated Allowance		% of Loan Portfolio		ACL to Loans		Allocated Allowance		% of Loan Portfolio		ACL to Loans
Commercial real estate	$	3,936	13	%	0.62	%	$	10,182	16	%	1.31	%
Construction, land development, land	1,057		4	%	0.62	%	3,418		4	%	1.56	%
1-4 family residential	485		3	%	0.38	%	1,225		3	%	0.78	%
Farmland	610		2	%	0.74	%	832		2	%	0.80	%
Commercial	14,276		29	%	1.02	%	22,040		32	%	1.41	%
Factored receivables	19,651		33	%	1.22	%	56,463		22	%	5.04	%
Consumer	250		—	%	1.97	%	542		—	%	3.42	%
Mortgage warehouse	752		16	%	0.10	%	1,037		21	%	0.10	%
Total Loans	$	41,017	100	%	0.86	%	$	95,739	100	%	1.92	%

The ACL decreased $54.7 million, or 57.2%. This decrease was primarily driven by the aforementioned charge-off of $41.3 million of PCD Over-Formula Advances classified as factored receivables. The charge-off was partially offset by an additional $2.8 million reserve required on remaining PCD Over-Formula Advances and discussed previously in the Credit Loss Expense section of Management's Discussion and Analysis. At quarter end, our entire remaining Over-Formula Advance position was down from $62.1 million at December 31, 2020 to $10.1 million at September 30, 2021 and the entire balance at September 30, 2021 was fully reserved.

Another driver of the decrease in required ACL is projected improvement of the loss drivers that the Company forecasted to calculate expected losses at September 30, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020. This improvement was brought on by a quicker projected economic recovery post-COVID-19 than was anticipated at December 31, 2020. It had a positive impact on the Company’s loss drivers and assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period and resulted in a release of $10.3 million of ACL period over period.

For all DCF models at September 30, 2021, the Company has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. The Company leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by the Company when developing the forecast metrics. At September 30, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020, the Company forecasted a significant decrease in national unemployment, an increase in one-year percentage change in national retail sales, an increase in one-year percentage change in the national home price index, and an increase in one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product. For percentage changes in national retail sales, national home price index and national gross domestic product, the Company projected significant growth in the first projected quarter followed by percentage change growth for the last three projected quarters resembling something closer to pre-COVID-19 levels albeit slightly more modest. Projected unemployment rates used by the Company are relatively stable over the four projected quarters at levels somewhat higher than pre-COVID-19 conditions.

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The decrease in required ACL was also driven by a net reversal of specific reserves on non-PCD loans of $1.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Excluding the aforementioned PCD charge-off, net charge-offs were $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Changes in loan volume and mix during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased the required ACL by $0.4 million during the period.

With the passage of the PPP, administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company has actively participated in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. At September 30, 2021, the Company carried $87.4 million of PPP loans classified as Commercial loans for reporting purposes. Loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. This guarantee exists at the inception of the loans and throughout the lives of the loans and was not entered into separately and apart from the loans. Credit enhancements that mitigate credit losses, such as the U.S. government guarantee on PPP loans, are required to be considered in estimating credit losses. The guarantee is considered “embedded” and, therefore, is considered when estimating credit loss on the PPP loans. Given that the loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government and absent any specific loss information about any of our PPP loans, the Company does not carry an ACL on its PPP loans at September 30, 2021.

The following table presents the unpaid principal and recorded investment for loans at September 30, 2021. The difference between the unpaid principal balance and recorded investment is principally (1) premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans totaling $12.1 million at September 30, 2021, and (2) net deferred origination costs and fees totaling $7.8 million at September 30, 2021. The net difference can provide protection from credit loss in addition to the ACL as future potential charge-offs for an individual loan is limited to the recorded investment plus unpaid accrued interest.


(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal		Difference
September 30, 2021
Commercial real estate	$	630,106	$	632,182	$	(2,076)
Construction, land development, land	171,814		171,998		(184)
1-4 family residential	127,073		127,446		(373)
Farmland	82,990		83,549		(559)
Commercial	1,398,497		1,410,739		(12,242)
Factored receivables	1,607,028		1,611,525		(4,497)
Consumer	12,677		12,689		(12)
Mortgage warehouse	752,545		752,545		—
	$	4,782,730	$	4,802,673	$	(19,943)

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had on deposit $189.6 million and $145.9 million, respectively, of customer reserves associated with factored receivables. These deposits represent customer reserves held to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls, may be used to pay customers’ obligations to various third parties as directed by the customer, are periodically released to or withdrawn by customers, and are reported as deposits on our consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table provides an analysis of the provisions for loan losses, net charge-offs and recoveries, and the effects of those items on our ACL:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	45,694		$	54,613		$	95,739		$	29,092
Loans charged-off:
Commercial real estate	(17)			—			(17)			—
Construction, land development, land	—			—			(12)			—
1-4 family residential	(1)			(6)			(26)			(27)
Farmland	—			—			—			—
Commercial	(211)			(528)			(426)			(1,173)
Factored receivables	(3,597)			(773)			(45,683)			(3,027)
Consumer	(139)			(118)			(285)			(410)
Mortgage warehouse	—			—			—			—
Total loans charged-off	$	(3,965)		$	(1,425)		$	(46,449)		$	(4,637)
Recoveries of loans charged-off:
Commercial real estate	2			53			10			61
Construction, land development, land	1			2			3			5
1-4 family residential	5			7			90			40
Farmland	—			—			—			80
Commercial	—			615			598			949
Factored receivables	239			40			324			95
Consumer	—			31			92			101
Mortgage warehouse	—			—			—			—
Total loans recoveries	$	247		$	748		$	1,117		$	1,331
Net loans charged-off	$	(3,718)		$	(677)		$	(45,332)		$	(3,306)
Credit loss expense on loans:
Commercial real estate	(453)			(2,440)			(6,239)			6,366
Construction, land development, land	(434)			(319)			(2,352)			4,400
1-4 family residential	(64)			(56)			(804)			1,138
Farmland	(59)			(95)			(222)			(324)
Commercial	(1,187)			(657)			(7,936)			11,004
Factored receivables	1,186			3,059			8,547			4,475
Consumer	153			29			(99)			583
Mortgage warehouse	(101)			123			(285)			332
Total credit loss expense (benefit) on loans	$	(959)		$	(356)		$	(9,390)		$	27,974
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13	—			—			—			269
Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration	—			37,415			—			37,415
Reclassification to held for sale	—			—			—			(449)
Balance at end of period	$	41,017		$	90,995		$	41,017		$	90,995
Average total loans held for investment	$	4,770,850		$	4,499,058		$	4,801,059		$	4,307,006
Net charge-offs to average total loans held for investment	0.08		%	0.02		%	0.94		%	0.08		%
Allowance to total loans held for investment	0.86		%	1.88		%	0.86		%	1.88		%

Quarter to date net loans charged off increased $3.0 million primarily due to increased charge-offs on factored receivables partially offset by decreased charge-offs on commercial loans.

Year to date net loans charged off increased $42.0 million due to the aforementioned charge-off of $41.3 million of PCD Over-Formula Advances classified as factored receivables. Remaining charge-off and recovery activity during the periods was insignificant individually and in the aggregate.

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Securities

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we held equity securities with a fair value of $5.6 million and $5.8 million, respectively. These securities represent investments in a publicly traded Community Reinvestment Act mutual fund and are subject to market pricing volatility, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings.

As of September 30, 2021, we held debt securities classified as available for sale with a fair value of $164.8 million, a decrease of $59.5 million from $224.3 million at December 31, 2020. The following table illustrates the changes in our available for sale debt securities:


	Available For Sale Debt Securities:
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		$ Change		% Change
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	5,001	$	15,088	$	(10,087)	(66.9)	%
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	18,167		27,684		(9,517)		(34.4)	%
Asset-backed securities	6,864		7,039		(175)		(2.5)	%
State and municipal	29,175		37,395		(8,220)		(22.0)	%
CLO Securities	100,719		122,204		(21,485)		(17.6)	%
Corporate bonds	2,061		11,573		(9,512)		(82.2)	%
SBA pooled securities	2,829		3,327		(498)		(15.0)	%
	$	164,816	$	224,310	$	(59,494)	(26.5)	%

Our available for sale CLO portfolio consists of investment grade positions in high ranking tranches within their respective securitization structures. As of September 30, 2021, the Company determined that all impaired available for sale securities experienced a decline in fair value below their amortized cost basis due to noncredit-related factors. Therefore, the Company carried no ACL at September 30, 2021. Our available for sale securities can be used for pledging to secure FHLB borrowings and public deposits, or can be sold to meet liquidity needs.

As of September 30, 2021, we held investments classified as held to maturity with an amortized cost, net of ACL, of $5.5 million, a decrease of $0.4 million from $5.9 million at December 31, 2020. See previous discussion of Credit Loss Expense related to our held to maturity securities for further details regarding the nature of these securities and the required ACL at September 30, 2021.

The following tables set forth the amortized cost and average yield of our debt securities, by type and contractual maturity:


	Maturity as of September 30, 2021
	One Year or Less				After One but within Five Years				After Five but within Ten Years				After Ten Years				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	4,999	2.18	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	4,999	2.18	%
Mortgage-backed securities	487		3	%	2,022		1.84	%	4,176		1.84	%	10,623		3.07	%	17,308		2.63	%
Asset-backed securities	—		—	%	61		0.27	%	5,000		0.27	%	1,799		1.28	%	6,860		0.53	%
State and municipal	9,267		2.63	%	2,696		3.02	%	2,414		2.80	%	14,136		2.53	%	28,513		2.63	%
CLO securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	70,177		4.02	%	26,751		2.61	%	96,928		3.63	%
Corporate bonds	718		3.17	%	1,001		1.37	%	—		—	%	271		5.07	%	1,990		2.50	%
SBA pooled securities	—		—	%	22		3.04	%	—		—	%	2,713		4.10	%	2,735		4.09	%
Total available for sale securities	$	15,471	2.52	%	$	5,802	2.30	%	$	81,767	3.66	%	$	56,293	2.71	%	$	159,333	3.17	%
Held to maturity securities:	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	7,225	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	7,225	—	%

Liabilities

Total liabilities were $5.204 billion as of September 30, 2021, compared to $5.209 billion at December 31, 2020, a decrease of $5.1 million, the components of which are discussed below.

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Deposits

The following table summarizes our deposits:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest bearing demand	$	2,020,984	$	1,352,785	$	668,199	49.4	%
Interest bearing demand	795,234		688,680		106,554		15.5	%
Individual retirement accounts	86,012		92,584		(6,572)		(7.1	%)
Money market	472,242		393,325		78,917		20.1	%
Savings	483,946		421,488		62,458		14.8	%
Certificates of deposit	574,539		790,844		(216,305)		(27.4	%)
Brokered time deposits	117,064		516,786		(399,722)		(77.3	%)
Other brokered deposits	272,554		460,108		(187,554)		(40.8	%)
Total Deposits	$	4,822,575	$	4,716,600	$	105,975	2.2	%

Our total deposits increased $106.0 million, or 2.2%, primarily due to growth in noninterest and interest bearing demand deposits partially offset by decreases in certificates of deposit, brokered time deposits, and other brokered deposits. Other brokered deposits are non-maturity deposits obtained from wholesale sources. As of September 30, 2021, interest bearing demand deposits, noninterest bearing deposits, money market deposits, other brokered deposits, and savings deposits accounted for 84% of our total deposits, while individual retirement accounts, certificates of deposit, and brokered time deposits made up 16% of total deposits.

The following table provides information on the maturity distribution of time deposits with individual balances of $100,000 to $250,000 and of time deposits with individual balances of $250,000 or more as of September 30, 2021:


(Dollars in thousands)	$100,000 to $250000		$250,000 and Over		Total
Maturity
3 months or less	$	92,070	$	40,259	$	132,329
Over 3 through 6 months	97,148		19,042		116,190
Over 6 through 12 months	126,159		49,354		175,513
Over 12 months	33,113		15,949		49,062
	$	348,490	$	124,604	$	473,094

The following table summarizes our average deposit balances and weighted average rates:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021						Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
							Average
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Weighted Avg Yields		% of Total		Average Balance		Weighted Avg Yields		% of Total
Interest bearing demand	$	779,625	0.22	%	16	%	$	635,287	0.13	%	15	%
Individual retirement accounts	86,571		0.58	%	2	%	95,962		1.24	%	2	%
Money market	417,435		0.21	%	9	%	385,620		0.27	%	9	%
Savings	479,915		0.15	%	10	%	400,102		0.15	%	10	%
Certificates of deposit	595,001		0.48	%	12	%	905,075		1.66	%	23	%
Brokered time deposits	99,116		0.12	%	2	%	247,928		1.51	%	6	%
Other brokered deposits	441,446		0.20	%	9	%	251,701		0.30	%	6	%
Total interest bearing deposits	2,899,109		0.27	%	60	%	2,921,675		0.79	%	71	%
Noninterest bearing demand	1,912,398		—		40	%	1,213,494		—		29	%
Total deposits	$	4,811,507	0.16	%	100	%	$	4,135,169	0.56	%	100	%

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Weighted Avg Yields		% of Total		Average Balance		Weighted Avg Yields		% of Total
Interest bearing demand	$	746,590	0.23	%	15	%	$	617,392	0.18	%	16	%
Individual retirement accounts	88,579		0.69	%	2	%	99,827		1.42	%	3	%
Money market	404,651		0.22	%	8	%	408,487		0.54	%	10	%
Savings	465,041		0.15	%	10	%	382,236		0.15	%	10	%
Certificates of deposit	674,284		0.76	%	14	%	993,590		2.00	%	25	%
Brokered time deposits	134,781		0.26	%	3	%	297,829		1.83	%	8	%
Other brokered deposits	641,959		0.16	%	13	%	86,064		0.30	%	2	%
Total interest bearing deposits	3,155,885		0.33	%	65	%	2,885,425		1.07	%	74	%
Noninterest bearing demand	1,720,213		—		35	%	1,021,745		—		26	%
Total deposits	$	4,876,098	0.21	%	100	%	$	3,907,170	0.79	%	100	%

Other Borrowings

Customer Repurchase Agreements

The following provides a summary of our customer repurchase agreements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Amount outstanding at end of period	$	11,990		$	3,099
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	0.03		%	0.03		%
Average daily balance during the period	$	6,200		$	6,716
Weighted average interest rate during the period	0.03		%	0.03		%
Maximum month-end balance during the period	$	12,405		$	14,192

Our customer repurchase agreements generally have overnight maturities. Variances in these balances are attributable to normal customer behavior and seasonal factors affecting their liquidity positions.

FHLB Advances

The following provides a summary of our FHLB advances as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Amount outstanding at end of period	$	30,000		$	105,000
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	0.27		%	0.17		%
Average amount outstanding during the period	37,234			342,264
Weighted average interest rate during the period	0.24		%	0.58		%
Highest month end balance during the period	180,000			850,000

Our FHLB advances are collateralized by assets, including a blanket pledge of certain loans. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $995.3 million and $1.247 billion, respectively, in unused and available advances from the FHLB.

Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”)

The PPPLF is a lending facility offered by the Federal Reserve Banks to facilitate lending to small businesses under the PPP. Borrowings under the PPPLF are secured by PPP loans guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and mature at the same time as the PPP loan pledged to secure the extension of credit. The maturity dates of the borrowings will be accelerated if the underlying PPP loan goes into default and Company sells the PPP loan to the SBA to realize on the SBA guarantee or if the Company receives any loan forgiveness reimbursement from the SBA for the underlying PPP loan.

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Information concerning borrowings under the PPPLF is summarized as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021and the year ended December 31, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Amount outstanding at end of period	$	97,554		$	191,860
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	0.35		%	0.35		%
Average amount outstanding during the period	116,134			143,608
Weighted average interest rate during the period	0.35		%	0.35		%
Highest month end balance during the period	181,635			223,809

At September 30, 2021, scheduled maturities of PPPLF borrowings are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021
Within one year	$	24,796
After four but within five years	72,758
Total	$	97,554

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the PPPLF borrowings were secured by PPP Loans totaling $97.6 million and $191.9 million, respectively, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.35% annually.

Subordinated Notes

On September 30, 2016, we issued $50.0 million of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2026 (the “2016 Notes”). The 2016 Notes initially bear interest at 6.50% per annum, are payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, September 30, 2021, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 5.345%. We redeemed the 2016 Notes in whole on September 30, 2021.

On November 27, 2019, we issued $39.5 million of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029 (the “2019 Notes”). The 2019 Notes initially bear interest at 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, November 27, 2024, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to a benchmark rate, initially three-month LIBOR, as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 3.330%. We may, at our option, beginning on November 27, 2024 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2019 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

On August 26, 2021, we issued $70.0 million of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031 (the “2021 Notes”). The 2021 Notes initially bear interest at 3.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, to, but excluding, September 1, 2026, and, thereafter and to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption, interest shall be payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual floating rate equal to a benchmark rate, initially the three-month term secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR"), as determined for the applicable quarterly period, plus 2.860%. We may, at our option, beginning on September 1, 2026 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2021 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the outstanding principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

The Subordinated Notes are included on our consolidated balance sheet as liabilities; however, for regulatory purposes, the carrying value of these obligations is eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 regulatory capital.

Issuance costs related to the Subordinated Notes have been netted against the subordinated notes liability on the consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized using the effective interest method through the earliest respective redemption date as a component of interest expense. The carrying value of the Subordinated Notes totaled $106.8 million at September 30, 2021.

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Junior Subordinated Debentures

The following provides a summary of our junior subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2021:


(Dollars in thousands)	Face Value		Carrying Value		Maturity Date	Interest Rate
National Bancshares Capital Trust II	$	15,464	$	13,316	September 2033	LIBOR + 3.00%
National Bancshares Capital Trust III	17,526		13,134		July 2036	LIBOR + 1.64%
ColoEast Capital Trust I	5,155		3,665		September 2035	LIBOR + 1.60%
ColoEast Capital Trust II	6,700		4,763		March 2037	LIBOR + 1.79%
Valley Bancorp Statutory Trust I	3,093		2,889		September 2032	LIBOR + 3.40%
Valley Bancorp Statutory Trust II	3,093		2,700		July 2034	LIBOR + 2.75%
	$	51,031	$	40,467

These debentures are unsecured obligations and were issued to trusts that are unconsolidated subsidiaries. The trusts in turn issued trust preferred securities with identical payment terms to unrelated investors. The debentures may be called by the Company at par plus any accrued but unpaid interest; however, we have no current plans to redeem them prior to maturity. Interest on the debentures is calculated quarterly, based on a contractual rate equal to three month LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 2.24%. As part of the purchase accounting adjustments made with the National Bancshares, Inc. acquisition on October 15, 2013, the ColoEast acquisition on August 1, 2016, and the Valley acquisition on December 9, 2017, we adjusted the carrying value of the junior subordinated debentures to fair value as of the respective acquisition dates. The discounts on the debentures will continue to be amortized through maturity and recognized as a component of interest expense.

The debentures are included on our consolidated balance sheet as liabilities; however, for regulatory purposes, these obligations are eligible for inclusion in regulatory capital, subject to certain limitations. All of the carrying value of $40.5 million was allowed in the calculation of Tier I capital as of September 30, 2021.

Capital Resources and Liquidity Management

Capital Resources

Our stockholders’ equity totaled $820.7 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $726.8 million as of December 31, 2020, an increase of $93.9 million. Stockholders’ equity increased during this period primarily due to our net income of $86.3 million.

Liquidity Management

We define liquidity as our ability to generate sufficient cash to fund current loan demand, deposit withdrawals, or other cash demands and disbursement needs, and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis.

We manage liquidity at the holding company level as well as that of our bank subsidiary. The management of liquidity at both levels is critical, because the holding company and our bank subsidiary have different funding needs and sources, and each is subject to regulatory guidelines and requirements which require minimum levels of liquidity. We believe that our liquidity ratios meet or exceed those guidelines and that our present position is adequate to meet our current and future liquidity needs.

Our liquidity requirements are met primarily through cash flow from operations, receipt of pre-paid and maturing balances in our loan and investment portfolios, debt financing and increases in customer deposits. Our liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and liabilities and access to other sources of funds. Liquid assets include cash, interest earning deposits in banks, federal funds sold, securities available for sale and maturing or prepaying balances in our investment and loan portfolios. Liquid liabilities include core deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowings. Other sources of funds include the sale of loans, brokered deposits, the issuance of additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances or borrowings from the Federal Reserve, the issuance of debt securities and the issuance of common securities. For additional information regarding our operating, investing and financing cash flows, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows provided in our consolidated financial statements.

In addition to the liquidity provided by the sources described above, our subsidiary bank maintains correspondent relationships with other banks in order to sell loans or purchase overnight funds should additional liquidity be needed. As of September 30, 2021, TBK Bank had $529.3 million of unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and unsecured federal funds lines of credit with seven unaffiliated banks totaling $227.5 million, with no amounts advanced against those lines.

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Regulatory Capital Requirements

Our capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s or TBK Bank’s financial statements. For further information regarding our regulatory capital requirements, see Note 12 – Regulatory Matters in the accompanying condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and other commitments to make future payments as of September 30, 2021. The amount of the obligations presented in the table reflects principal amounts only and excludes the amount of interest we are obligated to pay. Also excluded from the table are a number of obligations to be settled in cash. These excluded items are reflected in our consolidated balance sheet and include deposits with no stated maturity, trade payables, and accrued interest payable.


	Payments Due by Period - September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		One Year or Less		After One but within Three Years		After Three but within Five Years		After Five Years
Customer repurchase agreements	$	11,990	$	11,990	$	—	$	—	$	—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	30,000		—		—		—		30,000
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	97,554		24,796		—		72,758		—
Subordinated notes	109,500		—		—		—		109,500
Junior subordinated debentures	51,031		—		—		—		51,031
Operating lease agreements	40,282		5,101		9,616		9,025		16,540
Time deposits with stated maturity dates	777,615		675,332		94,049		8,234		—
Total contractual obligations	$	1,117,972	$	717,219	$	103,665	$	90,017	$	207,071

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. For further information, see Note 10 – Off-Balance Sheet Loan Commitments in the accompanying condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. We have identified certain significant accounting policies which involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in making certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policy which we believe to be the most critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements is the determination of the allowance for credit losses. Since December 31, 2020, there have been no changes in critical accounting policies as further described under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control, particularly with regard to developments related to COVID-19. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but are not limited to, the following:

•business and economic conditions generally and in the bank and non-bank financial services industries, nationally and within our local market areas;

•the impact of COVID-19 on our business, including the impact of the actions taken by governmental authorities to try and contain the virus or address the impact of the virus on the United States economy (including, without limitation, the CARES Act), and the resulting effect of all of such items on our operations, liquidity and capital position, and on the financial condition of our borrowers and other customers;

•our ability to mitigate our risk exposures;

•our ability to maintain our historical earnings trends;

•changes in management personnel;

•interest rate risk;

•concentration of our products and services in the transportation industry;

•credit risk associated with our loan portfolio;

•lack of seasoning in our loan portfolio;

•deteriorating asset quality and higher loan charge-offs;

•time and effort necessary to resolve nonperforming assets;

•inaccuracy of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for probable loan losses and other estimates;

•risks related to the integration of acquired businesses, including our acquisition of HubTran Inc. and developments related to our acquisition of Transport Financial Solutions and the related over-formula advances, and any future acquisitions;

•our ability to successfully identify and address the risks associated with our possible future acquisitions, and the risks that our prior and possible future acquisitions make it more difficult for investors to evaluate our business, financial condition and results of operations, and impairs our ability to accurately forecast our future performance;

•lack of liquidity;

•fluctuations in the fair value and liquidity of the securities we hold for sale;

•impairment of investment securities, goodwill, other intangible assets or deferred tax assets;

•our risk management strategies;

•environmental liability associated with our lending activities;

•increased competition in the bank and non-bank financial services industries, nationally, regionally or locally, which may adversely affect pricing and terms;

•the accuracy of our financial statements and related disclosures;

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•material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting;

•system failures or failures to prevent breaches of our network security;

•the institution and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings against us or to which we become subject;

•changes in carry-forwards of net operating losses;

•changes in federal tax law or policy;

•the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations, such as the Dodd-Frank Act and their application by our regulators;

•governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

•changes in the scope and cost of FDIC, insurance and other coverages;

•failure to receive regulatory approval for future acquisitions; and

•increases in our capital requirements.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk

The principal objective of our asset and liability management function is to evaluate the interest rate risk within the balance sheet and pursue a controlled assumption of interest rate risk while maximizing net income and preserving adequate levels of liquidity and capital. The board of directors of our subsidiary bank has oversight of our asset and liability management function, which is managed by our Chief Financial Officer. Our Chief Financial Officer meets with our senior executive management team regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to market interest rate changes, local and national market conditions and market interest rates. That group also reviews our liquidity, capital, deposit mix, loan mix and investment positions.

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the fair value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair values.

We manage our exposure to interest rates primarily by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not typically enter into derivative contracts for the purpose of managing interest rate risk, but we may elect to do so in the future. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

We use an interest rate risk simulation model to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and the balance sheet. Instantaneous parallel rate shift scenarios are modeled and utilized to evaluate risk and establish exposure limits for acceptable changes in projected net interest margin. These scenarios, known as rate shocks, simulate an instantaneous change in interest rates and use various assumptions, including, but not limited to, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, and reinvestment and replacement of asset and liability cash flows. We also analyze the economic value of equity as a secondary measure of interest rate risk. This is a complementary measure to net interest income where the calculated value is the result of the fair value of assets less the fair value of liabilities. The economic value of equity is a longer term view of interest rate risk because it measures the present value of all future cash flows. The impact of changes in interest rates on this calculation is analyzed for the risk to our future earnings and is used in conjunction with the analyses on net interest income.

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The following table summarizes simulated change in net interest income versus unchanged rates as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Following 12 Months		Months 13-24		Following 12 Months		Months 13-24
+400 basis points	23.2	%	31.6	%	18.4	%	19.8	%
+300 basis points	15.5	%	19.7	%	13.6	%	15.3	%
+200 basis points	10.4	%	13.9	%	8.7	%	10.7	%
+100 basis points	5.4	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	6.0	%
Flat rates	0.0	%	0.0	%	0.0	%	0.0	%
-100 basis points	(2.8	%)	(2.0	%)	(3.6	%)	(2.6	%)

The following table presents the change in our economic value of equity as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, assuming immediate parallel shifts in interest rates:


	Economic Value of Equity at Risk (%)
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
+400 basis points	35.0	%	36.5	%
+300 basis points	27.5	%	28.9	%
+200 basis points	19.3	%	20.3	%
+100 basis points	10.1	%	10.7	%
Flat rates	0.0	%	0.0	%
-100 basis points	(10.8	%)	(11.4	%)

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections due to several factors, including the timing and frequency of rate changes, market conditions and the shape of the yield curve. The computations of interest rate risk shown above do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates, and actual results may also differ due to any actions taken in response to the changing rates.

As part of our asset/liability management strategy, our management has emphasized the origination of shorter duration loans as well as variable rate loans to limit the negative exposure to a rate increase. We also desire to acquire deposit transaction accounts, particularly noninterest or low interest-bearing non-maturity deposit accounts, whose cost is less sensitive to changes in interest rates. We intend to focus our strategy on utilizing our deposit base and operating platform to increase these deposit transaction accounts.

ITEM 4

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. Except as set forth below, we are not presently party to any legal proceedings the resolution of which we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operation, cash flows or capital levels.

We are party to a lawsuit filed against the United States Postal Service (“USPS”) seeking damages related to invoices totaling approximately $19.4 million that it separately paid to our customer, a vendor to the USPS who hauls mail pursuant to contracts it has with such entity, in violation of notices provided to the USPS that such payments were to be made directly to us (the “Misdirected Payments”). Such action was initially filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. During the third quarter of 2021 we, together with the USPS, entered into a stipulation of dismissal without prejudice dismissing our initial action with respect to this matter in United States District Court, and we filed a new action seeking relief from the USPS for the Misdirected Payments in the United States Court of Federal Claims. Although we believe we have valid claims that the USPS is obligated to make payment on such receivable to us and that the USPS will have the capacity to make such payment, the issues in this litigation are novel issues of law that have little to no precedent and there can be no assurances that a court will agree with our interpretation of the law on these matters. If a court were to rule against us in this litigation, our only recourse would be against our customer, who failed to remit the Misdirected Payments to us as required when received, and who may not have capacity to make such payment to us. Consequently, we could incur losses up to the full amount of the Misdirected Payments in such event, which could be material to our business, financial condition and results of operations..

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits (Exhibits marked with a “†” denote management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements)


3.1						Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of the Registrant, effective November 7, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 13, 2014.

3.2						Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of Triumph Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2018.

3.3						Statement of Designation of 7.125% Series C Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated June 17, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 19, 2020.

3.4						Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, effective November 7, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 13, 2014.

3.5						Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Triumph Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2018.

4.1						Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 26, 2021, by and between Triumph Bancorp, Inc., as Issuer, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee , incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2021.

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4.2						Forms of 3.500% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2031 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit B-1 to the Third Supplemental Indenture , incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2021 ).

10.1						Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2021, by and among Triumph Bancorp, Inc. and the Purchasers , incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2021 *

10.2						Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2021, by and among Triumph Bancorp, Inc. and the Purchasers , incorporate d by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2021.

10.3						Employment Agreement between Triumph Bancorp, Inc. and W. Bradley Voss, dated September 1, 2021 , inco rporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 1, 2021.

10.4						Consulting Agreement between Triumph Bancorp, Inc. and R. Bryce Fowler, dated September 1, 2021 , incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 1, 2021.

31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request; provided, however, that the parties may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act for any document so furnished.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		TRIUMPH BANCORP, INC.
		(Registrant)

Date:	October 20, 2021	/s/ Aaron P. Graft
		Aaron P. Graft President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	October 20, 2021	/s/ W. Bradley Voss
		W. Bradley Voss Chief Financial Officer

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Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Aaron P. Graft, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Triumph Bancorp, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounted principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


October 20, 2021

By:	/s/ Aaron P. Graft
	Name:	Aaron P. Graft
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer

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Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, W. Bradley Voss, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Triumph Bancorp, Inc.;

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


October 20, 2021

By:	/s/ W. Bradley Voss
	Name:	W. Bradley Voss
	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT SECTION 906

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Triumph Bancorp, Inc. (the Company) certify, on the basis of such officers’ knowledge and belief that:

(1)The Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2021, (the Report) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


By:	/s/ Aaron P. Graft
	Name:	Aaron P. Graft
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
	Date:	October 20, 2021

By:	/s/ W. Bradley Voss
	Name:	W. Bradley Voss
	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	Date:	October 20, 2021

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. This certification accompanies the Report and shall not be treated as having been filed as part of this Report.